In recent years, China's rapid growth in the production of carbon black, carbon black in the technology industry structure, product structure and enterprise structure, it is also there have been some welcome changes.
1. Rapid technological progress. Ton in the process of the new hard carbon black home-made technology in general and to promote further development of the new 20,000-ton carbon black soft process technology has been developed and realized industrialization. On this basis, to build a new 10,000-ton carbon black plant technology as the main content of the rapid technological progress. By the end of 2001, has been completed and put into production of 10,000 tons of carbon black wet granulation of the total installed capacity of 590,000 tons, the total production capacity was about 50%. According to members of the black branch of the business statistics, wet granulation production of carbon black in 2001 to 254,000 tons, accounting for 53% of the total; in 2002 to 286,000 tons, accounting for 60.6 percent of total output. In 2002 and a total annual production capacity of 70,000 tons of 4 sets of production equipment, there are a total capacity of 240,000 tons of 11 sets of equipment in the building, put into operation all the devices tons of the total production capacity will reach 900,000 tons.
2. To improve product quality, species-specific increase in carbon black. In the million-ton production technology on the basis of the quality and stability of grain, to meet the requirements of the rubber tire production with a significant increase in carbon black products. Carbon black in the House and the joint efforts of enterprises to develop a series of conductive carbon black and carbon black pigments such as carbon black exclusive new products and promoting application of plastics, ink, paint and cable industries.
3. Carbon black manufacturing enterprises started to expand the size of the enterprise to achieve further diversification of property rights. In the scale of production: carbon black production capacity of enterprises in 30,000 tons more than in 1997, only 6, in which more than 50,000 tons of only 3. 2001 respectively to 11 and 6, and its production capacity and 53, respectively. l 10,000 tons and 338,000 tons, have accounted for 44% of the national total, there are several state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, are using mergers or expansion of the approach, the rapid expansion of the scale of development planning and to 300,000 tons of Scale. In the economic nature of the business, in 2001, production capacity has reached 30,000 tons more than 11 companies, 4 state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, 2, 2 and 3 joint-stock enterprises or Sino-foreign joint ventures of foreign capital. In the same year, 10,000 tons more than the private sector, there are many, but also the largest of which only 20,000 tons, some of the current expansion and will soon have more than 30,000 tons. There are some state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises are being restructured carbon black. Private economic sectors will increase rapidly. With the diversity of enterprise property rights, the competitive dynamic will be further enhanced.
However, China's carbon black industry there are still issues that can not meet the fast-growing market demand and the impact on competitiveness and enhance the further development.
First, low industrial concentration, manufacturers, small-scale production capacity greater than demand, low capacity utilization. 2000 World carbon black production capacity of about 8,630,000 tons, with the exception of about 110 foreign factories, the average plant with an annual production capacity of about 70,000 tons. This production capacity of 8,630,000 tons of 74.3 percent concentrated in the 9 major carbon black company, the largest in the world has a Cabot 26 wholly owned or joint-venture factories, a total production capacity of 2,040,000 tons, the world's carbon black The total production capacity of 23.9 percent. In the same year as the world's carbon black production 7,420,000 tons, with an average operating rate of 86%. China's 2001 carbon black has more than 100 enterprises, each enterprise is only a factory with a total production capacity of about 1,200,000 tons, with an average capacity of each plant with an annual output of 10,000 tons only. 2001 for annual production of 766,000 tons, with an average operating rate is only 63.8 percent. So small and dispersed carbon black business is obviously difficult for black and multinational companies, but also led to the disorderly competition in the domestic market, low prices, low capacity utilization and low cost.
Second, the production technology and equipment is still backward, product quality can not fully meet the demand Li. Tire manufacturers in particular, tire manufacturers require the use of superior quality to meet national standards or the level of first-class products, the stability of good quality carbon black wet granulation. However, there are about 40% of the product is dry granulation of the small black device production. These devices not only the poor quality of products, raw materials of high oil consumption. Most of waste and excessive emissions, environmental pollution, the State Economic and Trade Commission have been included in the third "out backward production capacity, technology and product catalog," ordering out by the end of 2003. On the other hand, the existing domestic million tons of carbon black wet granulation devices and advanced equipment than in production scale, technology, equipment level there are some gaps, the need to further improve and enhance. Third, the variety of products can not fully meet user requirements. In the rubber used in carbon black, N234, N375 and N660, and other varieties of product quality, often does not meet the requirements of radial tire production. In the non-rubber with carbon black, there is a lack of variety: black high, good color, good mobility for high-grade ink and paint pigment and in the high-carbon black pigment varieties; conductivity, and high purity suitable for Cable shielding materials of conductive carbon black varieties; coloring and spread good performance for chemical fiber dyeing puree of black varieties; other special high-grade carbon black varieties.
Fourth, non-standard market. As the domestic part of the tire manufacturing enterprises with poor performance can not be paid in a timely manner to the carbon black business. As a result, carbon black business in particular, the old state-owned enterprises accounts receivable increased year by year. According to the statistics branch of carbon black in 2001, accounts receivable amounted to 674,000,000 yuan, representing 10.8 percent increase in 2000. Accounts receivable plus finished goods inventory was accounted for a total sales income of 48.4 percent, and some enterprises reached more than 70%. Such a large proportion of accounts receivable and the amount of product inventory, an increase of not only the financial cost and capital cost is the main cause of their liquidity problems; On the other hand, carbon black oil is the raw material buyer's market, they have to pay now, because of some enterprises No money to buy oil as a result of low capacity utilization, lower operating rate also pushes up costs, and increase the deficit, the more the shortage of funds.
Fifth, a large number of foreign imports of carbon black, carbon black to make domestic enterprises more difficult. Before 1996, China has been a net exporter of carbon black annually in export 10,000 to 30,000 tons between 1997 and exports the same amount. After 1998, imports increased by 2002 to 122,000 tons, and exports to 27,000 tons, net imports to 95,000 tons, accounting for the total consumption was 10% Table 6. Increase the volume of imports of carbon black of the main reasons: First, the domestic varieties of quality carbon black can not fully meet the needs of users; Second, the Asia-Pacific region carbon black production capacity surplus of some countries, to improve the business operating rate of carbon black and low-cost exports. It is worth noting that in 2001 the export volume of carbon black to 14,000 tons in 2002 increased to 27,000 tons, the first two months of 2003 and exported 8762 tons, indicating that the competitiveness of domestic carbon black has started Enhanced.
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