The tire raw material plant gum present condition and future trend

1 and 50 year of effort, educate a hot rea agriculture economy pillar, make our country become world the five produce a gum country
Gum Lin2 Li3 is full of to plant gum a person of proud of and honour.Certainly, this isn't just in Yunnan.Distribute the gum wood of biggest area of whole country on the Davao Islands, Guangdong etc. the rubber industry of the ground also got a booming development.Currently, the our country rubber plant area 660,000 hectares, the year produce stem gum 600,000 ton, become world the five produce a gum country.
Though our country's leading kind rubber be 100 year agos, real get development, is new China establish later.The our country plant gum area many stage manners, dry, low temperature, don't have abroad tradition plant a gum country those superior of weather condition.However, new China establish initial stage, each item construction demand a great deal of of rubber.Face the economic blockade of western imperial powers, the party is resolutely central decision, develop oneself of rubber base.The south, Guangdong, Yunnan of the sea, those are the most out-of-the-way place and walk come the agriculture Ken of a group of brigadeses person.Several million reply a member, turn an industry, veteran, return to the fatherland an overseas Chinese and go to the country to know green pioneer wasteland to plant gum, broke northern latitudes 15 degrees can't plant the parlance of gum by north, at northern latitudes 18 － 24 degrees region be large-scale success to plant rubber.
A few people of effort give to have the republic one new business.1949, China the crude rubber year yield only have 199 ton, now rubber yield increment about 290000%, list produce from each the hectare more than 400 kilograms exaltation arrive current 1300 kilogram.Yunnan and the sea south agriculture Ken already exceed world average list produce level, become world crude rubber big area yield one of the tallest regions.50 in the last years, our country total amount produce crude rubber 800 many ten thousand ton, in equally longly of the period, basic satisfy national defense, industry transportation, medical treatment etc. the need of each aspect.
The our country has more than 150s to plant gum farm currently with 180,000 plant gum peasant household, about 300 myriad peoples be engaged in crude rubber produce.The south, Yunnan of the sea two province of the run by private capital rubber produce the labor force of Na absorb more than 60 myriad peoples.Crude rubber industry in Yunnan province has already involved 25 county of 16 race, 350,000 village labor forces be engaged in rubber to plant, process with sale.At concentration produce area, the crude rubber industry have become to promote farmer in the region and farm an officers and workers to increase to accept of pillar industry.The development of crude rubber for promote race to solidify, prosperity frontier economy do huge contribute.Sea south province plant rubber as to hand a poverty development of importance means.Last century the beginning of 80's, white the sand Li clan autonomy county beginning organization the farmer plant rubber, the farmer person all plant gum income currently 1400 diverse, have agriculture total production value above 20%.Whole county 50% farmer is main economy source depend rubber, millions poor the farmer was plant by rubber to solve Wen Bao3.
Science research enunciation, the rubber plantation is in the tree hat spread quilt, shed leaves and nutrient circulation etc. and rain forest system very close, is a kind of stability of can keep on of eco-system.Therefore, the crude rubber industry is economy and ecosystem for hot rea of moderated development to develop vast of foreground.
Two, outlook future, plant a gum industry beard at system and technique innovation the aspect continue effort.
The our country has become the biggest crude rubber to consume a country in the world and import country, and the need still present growth trend.According to statistics, 2003 our country the symbiosis produce a car 440 have another 10000, to the need of the crude rubber growth 40%.Currently the our country crude rubber yield share world total yield of 7%, but consume the quantity share world total consume quantity of above 20%.This year 1 － July, whole country import crude rubber 690,000 ton, our country the crude rubber depend on international market degree return at gradual deepen.Therefore, the exaltation local rubber yield and it is in the competition ability on the international market, is urgent.
Current have to decline low cost, let crude rubber industry the casual wear go to battle.The domestic plant a gum industry to take stateowned farm as main force.But state-owners enterprise long-term backlog come down of antinomy more and more outstanding, management efficiency not Gao, officers and workers setting difficulty, society burden heavy.Originally a ton stem gum of cost 5000 dollars be or so, but business enterprise various expenses of the operation all the stand is on the rubber, cost will ascension to above 8000 dollars.What competition ability does this still have?Therefore, the system innovation be most a basic problem.Currently, the each Ken area strongly push forward officers and workers' family to contract for management, to produce management mechanism to carry on big of reform.At the same time, the south, Yunnan of the sea, each Ken of Guangdong the area all carried on the crude rubber share system reform of practice, turn management according to the industry of request, integration district resources, for grow business enterprise core competencies and do big did strong crude rubber industry to lay foundation.
The rubber plant with mow a gum technique continuously innovation, had in the exaltation the rubber yield key function.But research result conversion the strength also need to be strengthen, for example, currently just in the small scope application of the rubber tree boost production stimulant, through practice of 10 yearses certificate, can average exaltation list produce 12%.Nation should consideration enlargement research development and technique expansion of devotion strength.