According to the FIA (FIA) provides up-to-date, the use of fetal stem, each driver must use at least two different formula each set of tires. As for the two types of tires marked the issue in recent days have finally As a result, which will mark the end of this week's Australian Grand Prix debut.
Bridgestone tire company official confirmed that the Melbourne race weekend, the soft Bridgestone tires will be painted on the wall three cm in diameter of a circle of white, middle-of fetal remains as is.
FIA initiatives aimed at increasing the game's exciting at the same time be able to let the audience can clearly understand the drivers used by the type of tires to a better understanding of team play and tactics used.
Bridgestone has previously said that they will partner to provide four different formulations of the fetus, they are super-soft tires (Super Soft), soft-child (Soft), intermediate (Medium), as well as the hard tire (Hard ), And each game offers two types of tires to allow the team to choose.
Oct 31, 2008
"Eat into" discarded tires, "spit" reclaimed rubber
Discard the old roadside pollution of the environment of discarded tires, now in the Central Bureau of Fujian Sanming City Hi-Tech Rubber Group Co., Ltd. has become a "Xiang Bobo": after a rough break, flour mill, desulfurization, several processes such as refining, a discarded tires Roll into a body can be used for the production of automobile tires reclaimed rubber products, Qiao Xiao market.
The discarded tires to the raw materials for fine rubber powder and fine powder rubber modified asphalt of
Head, and put into operation more than six months, to absorb 17,000 tons of discarded tires, the production of 15,000 tons of renewable rubber products; a production value of more than 6000 million, more than 150 million yuan in profits and taxes.
According to the Central Bureau of the Group General Manager Pu Xiaohong, China's scarce natural rubber and at the same time every year a large number of scrap tires products seriously pollute the environment. Waste tire recycling production, building a conservation-minded society is an important measure. As the use of discarded tires in the production of fine rubber powder in tire manufacturing, construction and other rubber products are widely used in industry, fine rubber powder modified asphalt is used for highways, urban roads laying a new type of material, This project is very optimistic about the prospects for the market.
Hi-Tech City Rubber Co., Ltd. as a national circular economy pilot unit, Fujian Province, the first pilot cyclical economy enterprises, its fine rubber powder and fine powder rubber modified asphalt project in Fujian Province has been classified as industrial restructuring and technological transformation of key projects and the provincial Environment Comprehensive utilization of resources projects.
The discarded tires to the raw materials for fine rubber powder and fine powder rubber modified asphalt of
Head, and put into operation more than six months, to absorb 17,000 tons of discarded tires, the production of 15,000 tons of renewable rubber products; a production value of more than 6000 million, more than 150 million yuan in profits and taxes.
According to the Central Bureau of the Group General Manager Pu Xiaohong, China's scarce natural rubber and at the same time every year a large number of scrap tires products seriously pollute the environment. Waste tire recycling production, building a conservation-minded society is an important measure. As the use of discarded tires in the production of fine rubber powder in tire manufacturing, construction and other rubber products are widely used in industry, fine rubber powder modified asphalt is used for highways, urban roads laying a new type of material, This project is very optimistic about the prospects for the market.
Hi-Tech City Rubber Co., Ltd. as a national circular economy pilot unit, Fujian Province, the first pilot cyclical economy enterprises, its fine rubber powder and fine powder rubber modified asphalt project in Fujian Province has been classified as industrial restructuring and technological transformation of key projects and the provincial Environment Comprehensive utilization of resources projects.
The weather will become the subject of the new rubber market
Natural rubber (20585, -550, -2.60%) into the March futures, whether within or outside the site are set out a relatively clear at the top of the form, investors need to be further concerned about the changes in the fundamentals.
Japan rubber market position, subtle changes in the structure, pre-big short-gang carried out the operation of multi-somersault, and Mitsubishi, Mitsui, such as seat position of the Fund are presented one after another reduction of more than a single course of the operation. Kong's stock to represent the will demonstrate their market trends and development point of view, the spot from the point of view, it really does not have the natural rubber market. However, the global macro-financial situation, as well as exchange rate movements on the gold market also constitute a heavy pressure, so more attention to exchange rates and gold funds or keep open the option that allows the market to do more difficult to rally popular. Japanese rubber futures prices fell 290 yen resistance, technical charts constitute a similar head-and-shoulders top of the form, along with the current fall of 270 yen, a relatively clear at the top of the form to the market more heavy technical Sell-off.
The domestic market, putting an end to the harvest season, has precipitate Courier delivery futures close to 100,000 tons of inventory, has no obvious reduction. Despite adhere to the concept of Zhejiang see more funds to support heart has been, but the linkage of internal and external features of the trend will end in May dragged under the contract Jiaojia 21,000 yuan / ton. Failure period of time, the approach of cutting open the season, it really has to Jiaojia devastated and fall into it? The author believes that the trend is too early to say words, after all, from the observation of the chart, Jiaojia is still a relative stalemate of the range running from top to bottom. At the same time, market speculation and concern about the next step of a gradual return to the subject matter will be cut off after the expected supply, so as soon as time goes by, for the month four or five main producing areas of the world's weather will be the impact on the supply of the most critical factor.
The trend of the future, I see stressed weather or if the normal climate, the author having the development may be a little pessimistic, because in accordance with the current state of the market, the Fund's left is a long-term trend, it is necessary to look to other funds the operation of re - Japanese rubber futures difficult. The domestic market, the longer we push back, the more adverse long, after all, resources will gradually increase. The only variable count on the weather, it seems a little taste of gambling.
Japan rubber market position, subtle changes in the structure, pre-big short-gang carried out the operation of multi-somersault, and Mitsubishi, Mitsui, such as seat position of the Fund are presented one after another reduction of more than a single course of the operation. Kong's stock to represent the will demonstrate their market trends and development point of view, the spot from the point of view, it really does not have the natural rubber market. However, the global macro-financial situation, as well as exchange rate movements on the gold market also constitute a heavy pressure, so more attention to exchange rates and gold funds or keep open the option that allows the market to do more difficult to rally popular. Japanese rubber futures prices fell 290 yen resistance, technical charts constitute a similar head-and-shoulders top of the form, along with the current fall of 270 yen, a relatively clear at the top of the form to the market more heavy technical Sell-off.
The domestic market, putting an end to the harvest season, has precipitate Courier delivery futures close to 100,000 tons of inventory, has no obvious reduction. Despite adhere to the concept of Zhejiang see more funds to support heart has been, but the linkage of internal and external features of the trend will end in May dragged under the contract Jiaojia 21,000 yuan / ton. Failure period of time, the approach of cutting open the season, it really has to Jiaojia devastated and fall into it? The author believes that the trend is too early to say words, after all, from the observation of the chart, Jiaojia is still a relative stalemate of the range running from top to bottom. At the same time, market speculation and concern about the next step of a gradual return to the subject matter will be cut off after the expected supply, so as soon as time goes by, for the month four or five main producing areas of the world's weather will be the impact on the supply of the most critical factor.
The trend of the future, I see stressed weather or if the normal climate, the author having the development may be a little pessimistic, because in accordance with the current state of the market, the Fund's left is a long-term trend, it is necessary to look to other funds the operation of re - Japanese rubber futures difficult. The domestic market, the longer we push back, the more adverse long, after all, resources will gradually increase. The only variable count on the weather, it seems a little taste of gambling.
India Metro mainland General Tire Company in hand to develop new products
Indian tire manufacturer Metro Tire Company recently announced that it is common consensus with the mainland, the two sides will jointly develop a new type of motorcycle tubeless tires, and the product will be used mainly sold to foreign markets. In the United States, "Plastic News" magazine published the "2006 global top 75 tire", a total of 9 Indian companies on the list tires, MRF tire companies ranked India 15th, Apollo Tire Company ranked 18, JK India's ranked No. 20, Metro Tire Company No. 61, 2004 compared to a decline.
Asia-Pacific region to become the world's natural rubber industry leader
It is reported that the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG) recent studies show that in 2006 the Asia-Pacific region to become the world's natural rubber industry leader.
Although Thailand's military coup took place in a row, but in 2006 became the world's largest natural rubber producing countries; China is the world's most important natural rubber and synthetic rubber consumption, in the synthetic rubber, followed by the United States has also become The world's second largest producer. From the natural rubber production, the area under cultivation from 1975 to 2005 no growth, the output per unit area has been greatly improved, which is the Asia-Pacific region to increase the total output of the main factors.
In the synthetic rubber, China's 2006 growth rate was 13.4 percent, the total output was 184,900 tons, more than 15% higher than Japan to become second only to the United States producing countries, as well as catch-up situation. .
Rubber consumption in the Asia-Pacific region also leads the world, China has become the world's largest rubber consuming country, also, Japan is the world's major rubber-consuming countries.
Although Thailand's military coup took place in a row, but in 2006 became the world's largest natural rubber producing countries; China is the world's most important natural rubber and synthetic rubber consumption, in the synthetic rubber, followed by the United States has also become The world's second largest producer. From the natural rubber production, the area under cultivation from 1975 to 2005 no growth, the output per unit area has been greatly improved, which is the Asia-Pacific region to increase the total output of the main factors.
In the synthetic rubber, China's 2006 growth rate was 13.4 percent, the total output was 184,900 tons, more than 15% higher than Japan to become second only to the United States producing countries, as well as catch-up situation. .
Rubber consumption in the Asia-Pacific region also leads the world, China has become the world's largest rubber consuming country, also, Japan is the world's major rubber-consuming countries.
ardex will be made of discarded tires superior quality ceramic tile adhesive
In the field of chemical industry by building the most successful international enterprise, Germany and Asia in Sri Lanka's first high-coverage ARDEX X52 super flexible tile adhesive to the full in recent days the Chinese market. The product has a high coverage, low power consumption, ARDEX X52 units of the use of low-cost; Faren soft-good, anti-contraction and shock-resistant; good tensile strength and then applied to various types of ceramic tile; open for a long time and easy to use features such as . The product is available not only in the field of construction chemicals is a major initiative, is also a renewable resource recycling of "recycling economy" is an important practice.
How effective use of scrap tire rubber, and other materials, has been a worldwide problem. Using landfill, burning and other methods to deal with do not belong to melt, the refractory flexible polymer materials such as rubber tire material used, their molecules break down into the soil does not affect plant growth in the extent of the need for hundreds of years, the industry as "black Pollution. " In some areas, so that the pollution caused by burning around the Cuncaobusheng, China's ecological environment caused a great deal of harm.
Despite the renovation, done by shredding fuel, chemical decomposition and recycling of carbon black fuel oil, made of rubber, and so on a number of ways, but the international community tend to be more and more use of discarded tires, such as the production of powder. Rubber powder can not be replaced advantage: no production of renewable sources of plastic pollution, there is no other secondary pollution; powder and rubber products, high technological content, in line with international trends, most of its magic lies in the fact that enables the use of discarded tires As high as 100%.
Powder as a non-polluting renewable resources, and its application benefits the country, is the real recycling and sustainable development.
Chinese tire with an annual output of more than 130,000,000, ranking third in the world. Renhuang Shu Deputy State Economic and Trade Commission and the national working conference on renewable resources, said China's use of renewable resources can not be optimistic about the situation, the use of recyclable without the use of renewable resources, the value of more than 300 billion yuan. The highlight is the second largest waste tire recycling. In 2002, China discarded tires to generate about 10,000 more than 5000 (total global discarded tires generated more than 4%), of which there are 10,000 more than 2000 no one, the recovery rate of less than 60% and 90% of the developed countries compared to the average level of Far.
On the other hand, from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1712 the rapid industrial development of 300 years away, to the end of the 20th century, resource shortages and environmental pollution have been two significant obstacles to the tip of the iceberg. The two major obstacles if we do not rule out quickly, it is bound to the global economy and even human society, a devastating blow. Over the last decade, the world's developed countries such as Germany, France, Belgium, Austria and the United States has enacted related "recycling economy" and "waste management" of the law, the progressive development of circular economy for large-scale social practice.
China is also facing a serious resource problem overdraft. The relevant state ministries and commissions have taken a number of measures to promote the use of renewable resources. State Economic and Trade Commission and the development of the notice, "the use of renewable resources" Tenth Five-Year Plan "."
With rubber powder, ARDEX special formula developed by the ARDEX X52 coverage of super-high-tile adhesive flexible, and its efficiency in the use of a kilogram on the market today is similar to other high-end products in more than 50%. As a dry powder ready-mixed cement-based, thin-bed tile adhesive. Has a low amount, the first rubber filler powder formulations suitable for the improvement of indoor and outdoor tile paste, to provide superior tensile bond strength and soft-brake. Applicable to all kinds of light steel keel of the basement wall (plasterboard, cement fiberboard, etc.) and general concrete or cement mortar base to find equality.
When the basement is expected to shift a larger, more choice of the selection. ARDEX X52 super-high flexible tile adhesive coverage is also in line with EU regulations EN 12004, Australia AS 4992.1 and the Chinese JC / T 547-2005 C1S1E level.
Company:
Founded in the last century the age of 40 in Sri Lanka ARDEX Asia, the company is headquartered in Germany. To meet the market demand and customer primary, is committed to the global market development and operation, in Germany, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Austria, China more than 50 countries and regions have set up factories and sales companies.
Sri Lanka to Asia R & D, manufacturing and marketing high-quality grass-roots level to prepare a special building materials, including leveling repair material, wood blocks binder, Tian Fengji, quick-drying cement, floor adhesive, special building materials, water systems, land grant system, Central Oxygen products. At the same time as the use of these products to provide comprehensive, professional training and support services. 1950s from Asia to Sri Lanka's research and development of self-leveling cement for the construction industry created the material on the ground and a new era.
ARDEX Asia and Sri Lanka as a change of leader, able to provide the best environment to create a superior product quality.
Sri Lanka and throughout Asia are always customers to help solve the problem of our fundamental business direction of the membership by the continuous research and development, innovation, to provide customers the best available. Do world-class high-quality professional building materials supplier in the world to do special high-efficiency solutions for building materials one of the leaders is always ARDEX. As a reliable and productive partner in Sri Lanka Asian customers, suppliers and employees to maximize benefits.
This time, Asia ARDEX X52 higher downs to cover the success of super-flexible tile adhesive market for China continued to increase the "recycling economy" strategy also provides a good evidence. For a serious energy prominent in the construction industry to further environmental protection, energy saving provided a good example of the practice.
How effective use of scrap tire rubber, and other materials, has been a worldwide problem. Using landfill, burning and other methods to deal with do not belong to melt, the refractory flexible polymer materials such as rubber tire material used, their molecules break down into the soil does not affect plant growth in the extent of the need for hundreds of years, the industry as "black Pollution. " In some areas, so that the pollution caused by burning around the Cuncaobusheng, China's ecological environment caused a great deal of harm.
Despite the renovation, done by shredding fuel, chemical decomposition and recycling of carbon black fuel oil, made of rubber, and so on a number of ways, but the international community tend to be more and more use of discarded tires, such as the production of powder. Rubber powder can not be replaced advantage: no production of renewable sources of plastic pollution, there is no other secondary pollution; powder and rubber products, high technological content, in line with international trends, most of its magic lies in the fact that enables the use of discarded tires As high as 100%.
Powder as a non-polluting renewable resources, and its application benefits the country, is the real recycling and sustainable development.
Chinese tire with an annual output of more than 130,000,000, ranking third in the world. Renhuang Shu Deputy State Economic and Trade Commission and the national working conference on renewable resources, said China's use of renewable resources can not be optimistic about the situation, the use of recyclable without the use of renewable resources, the value of more than 300 billion yuan. The highlight is the second largest waste tire recycling. In 2002, China discarded tires to generate about 10,000 more than 5000 (total global discarded tires generated more than 4%), of which there are 10,000 more than 2000 no one, the recovery rate of less than 60% and 90% of the developed countries compared to the average level of Far.
On the other hand, from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1712 the rapid industrial development of 300 years away, to the end of the 20th century, resource shortages and environmental pollution have been two significant obstacles to the tip of the iceberg. The two major obstacles if we do not rule out quickly, it is bound to the global economy and even human society, a devastating blow. Over the last decade, the world's developed countries such as Germany, France, Belgium, Austria and the United States has enacted related "recycling economy" and "waste management" of the law, the progressive development of circular economy for large-scale social practice.
China is also facing a serious resource problem overdraft. The relevant state ministries and commissions have taken a number of measures to promote the use of renewable resources. State Economic and Trade Commission and the development of the notice, "the use of renewable resources" Tenth Five-Year Plan "."
With rubber powder, ARDEX special formula developed by the ARDEX X52 coverage of super-high-tile adhesive flexible, and its efficiency in the use of a kilogram on the market today is similar to other high-end products in more than 50%. As a dry powder ready-mixed cement-based, thin-bed tile adhesive. Has a low amount, the first rubber filler powder formulations suitable for the improvement of indoor and outdoor tile paste, to provide superior tensile bond strength and soft-brake. Applicable to all kinds of light steel keel of the basement wall (plasterboard, cement fiberboard, etc.) and general concrete or cement mortar base to find equality.
When the basement is expected to shift a larger, more choice of the selection. ARDEX X52 super-high flexible tile adhesive coverage is also in line with EU regulations EN 12004, Australia AS 4992.1 and the Chinese JC / T 547-2005
Company:
Founded in the last century the age of 40 in Sri Lanka ARDEX Asia, the company is headquartered in Germany. To meet the market demand and customer primary, is committed to the global market development and operation, in Germany, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Austria, China more than 50 countries and regions have set up factories and sales companies.
Sri Lanka to Asia R & D, manufacturing and marketing high-quality grass-roots level to prepare a special building materials, including leveling repair material, wood blocks binder, Tian Fengji, quick-drying cement, floor adhesive, special building materials, water systems, land grant system, Central Oxygen products. At the same time as the use of these products to provide comprehensive, professional training and support services. 1950s from Asia to Sri Lanka's research and development of self-leveling cement for the construction industry created the material on the ground and a new era.
ARDEX Asia and Sri Lanka as a change of leader, able to provide the best environment to create a superior product quality.
Sri Lanka and throughout Asia are always customers to help solve the problem of our fundamental business direction of the membership by the continuous research and development, innovation, to provide customers the best available. Do world-class high-quality professional building materials supplier in the world to do special high-efficiency solutions for building materials one of the leaders is always ARDEX. As a reliable and productive partner in Sri Lanka Asian customers, suppliers and employees to maximize benefits.
This time, Asia ARDEX X52 higher downs to cover the success of super-flexible tile adhesive market for China continued to increase the "recycling economy" strategy also provides a good evidence. For a serious energy prominent in the construction industry to further environmental protection, energy saving provided a good example of the practice.
New thermoplastic elastomer and rubber by anti-adhesion agent
Resin in the granulation process, the cooling trough the use of anti-adhesion agent, the product particles on the surface for processing, can help prevent the particles in the transport and storage of agglomeration. American Axel Plastics Laboratories Inc. (Axel Plastics Research Laboratories) launched a special used to enhance the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and rubber processing and distribution of new anti-adhesion agent. The product name MoldWiz ABC-15, contains a sub agent and surfactant emulsified water-based formulations of organic acids. In particular because of its non-metallic stearate and silicon resin, and can be used in food contact applications.
New dual-chamber tire rubber invented by national patent optimistic scenario
Recently, the seven divisions of agricultural land and resources bureau 124 sub-group invented by Zhaozhi Guang, deputy director of the new dual-chamber rubber tire National Patent Office issued a patent certificate. The technology was optimistic about the mainland a car factory and negotiate with the inventor of the co-operation.
Currently used in aircraft landing wheels, car wheels, wheels, and other agricultural tires inflated by a gas chamber constituted. Zhao Zhiguang invention of rubber tires in the same body inside the tire could injected into two gas-filled liquid or exclusive, Soft body cavity, according to different uses, the two cavity can be injected into various gases and liquids, avoid being outside in the tire rotation Stab discouraging high-temperature and high-speed operation when the burst. At the same time, double the width of the tire tread outside than conventional single-chamber outside the tire tread width of the small, the rolling friction resistance is also a corresponding reduction in certain energy-saving effect. This technology can be widely used in automobiles, aircraft, agricultural vehicles, such as rickshaw, a strong practicality and safety.
Zhao Zhiguang invention of new technology are very interested. In 1992 he designed the production of farm machinery operating control of the autonomous region has been director of the Science and Technology Commission attached great importance to the human, financial, and material on strong support in 2001, he invented the automatic car seat technology for the first time the national patent.
Currently used in aircraft landing wheels, car wheels, wheels, and other agricultural tires inflated by a gas chamber constituted. Zhao Zhiguang invention of rubber tires in the same body inside the tire could injected into two gas-filled liquid or exclusive, Soft body cavity, according to different uses, the two cavity can be injected into various gases and liquids, avoid being outside in the tire rotation Stab discouraging high-temperature and high-speed operation when the burst. At the same time, double the width of the tire tread outside than conventional single-chamber outside the tire tread width of the small, the rolling friction resistance is also a corresponding reduction in certain energy-saving effect. This technology can be widely used in automobiles, aircraft, agricultural vehicles, such as rickshaw, a strong practicality and safety.
Zhao Zhiguang invention of new technology are very interested. In 1992 he designed the production of farm machinery operating control of the autonomous region has been director of the Science and Technology Commission attached great importance to the human, financial, and material on strong support in 2001, he invented the automatic car seat technology for the first time the national patent.
Philadelphia's call to build rubber sidewalks
A Philadelphia City Council members recently where the bodies to their unique proposal, the city hopes to complete the construction of the use of rubber material on the sidewalk.
According to a Reuters report on February 5, who the Mingjiao Ji Mu Kenni City Council members recently made a special trip to Chicago, visited an environmentally-friendly urban construction plan, including the construction of rubber to the pavement.
Kenny said: "We will not see people jumping in the rubber on the streets even before the unfortunate fall of the comic scenes. Sidewalk used by the rubber in fact very strong. Even more than track and field's runway would also like some of the hardware."
Kenny also revealed that at the same time, it will be discarded tires from access to those where the rubber, rubber will not crack and president of its life in the concrete pavement. Kenny pointed out that rubber sidewalks could also significantly reduce the people walking on the streets when the number of slipping accidents and hence the number of cases arising from legal proceedings.
According to a Reuters report on February 5, who the Mingjiao Ji Mu Kenni City Council members recently made a special trip to Chicago, visited an environmentally-friendly urban construction plan, including the construction of rubber to the pavement.
Kenny said: "We will not see people jumping in the rubber on the streets even before the unfortunate fall of the comic scenes. Sidewalk used by the rubber in fact very strong. Even more than track and field's runway would also like some of the hardware."
Kenny also revealed that at the same time, it will be discarded tires from access to those where the rubber, rubber will not crack and president of its life in the concrete pavement. Kenny pointed out that rubber sidewalks could also significantly reduce the people walking on the streets when the number of slipping accidents and hence the number of cases arising from legal proceedings.
Russian cold climate, the car's rubber parts easily go wrong
Moderator: China's auto import business to Russia, what to do.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Quality is the first hurdle, the Chinese manufacturers want to spend most of 1,000,000 yuan to do quality certification, a bus to more than 10 million U.S. dollars, nearly 100,000 euros and 50,000 euros in the past when China does not now wish to Done, Russia and prices to 100,000 euros. Manufacturers feel that I have spent the money 1,000,000 does not get on with it.
Moderator: a so cars is how much?
Zhu Jing Cheng: it was 50,000 dollars. Even if no one to do so, we export the car and we are all Russians together, which is the manufacturer to do? You will not have access to quality certification, according to the new car will only be able to sell used cars.
Moderator: car sales in Russia and how the channel? Also take some of the larger distributors do?
Sun Li Man: mainly distributors.
Zhu Jing Cheng: China, Russia last year, only three of the top, the Great Wall Automobile, Hafei, FAW is the main light truck sales, Hafei sale of light trucks, pick-up is the Great Wall and the SUV, the three major Moscow, Russia is a Distribution dealers. We export 500 SUV vehicles last year, ranked fourth in the list, because we are out of car parts, the Russian manufacturers to our assembly, the fight is Russia's brand, they have made, is Russia's use of quality certification, there is no Our own brand. Therefore, not foreign cars. China's own sales network have not been established, mainly by Russia, and mainly rely on a few, at best, not more than 5 major distributors, that is the real distribution of Russia's largest Chinese car dealers are not more than 5. The first is the power entrusted in Iraq, the second is the Beijing Jeep. They rely on the sales network.
Moderator: Russian cultural very deep, you over there in the work of the relatively long life, if the Chinese car market to open up Russia to the local culture, consumer demand should know a little more, please tell us, the consumers in Russia When buying a car which has the characteristics?
Zhu Jing Cheng: The general feeling, Russians love cars, like the Russians on the small car. I just returned from Russia to come back, a feeling that is infested city car, a sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles. As the territory of Russia too, I live a long time in Siberia, Russia has seven regions, Siberia and the Far East are two major areas, there are total of 11,000,000 square kilometers of land, China and Canada have large area, an average of 1 kilometer Less than two people. Also very well-developed road, a bike could not walk and can only drive a car, as long as the activity would take to the streets, you'll have to drive a car. Therefore, Russia's auto market is large, it is a necessary means of transport. Russia now is the polarization of the car, the rich bought expensive cars are not afraid, is particularly good on a good car; people have no money to buy expensive cars, buy second-hand car imports last year, from Vladivostok to Japan, South Korea 270,000 second-hand car. Japan is the right rudder cars, several countries want to resolve the abolition of the right rudder car, but too much can not be canceled, against the common people. Russia is the left rudder and the rudder are right.
Li: rudder about cars running together is very dangerous, Kazakhstan has been ordered to next year import ban on the right rudder cars have been sold the car to run it enough life, the right car left rudder, left rudder is the other car on the left side Perspective not all of a sudden, people can not see, the car can not see, very dangerous.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia in the past to limit the right rudder vehicles can not exceed 7 years, by now, right rudder imported cars should not exceed three years, less than three years may be imported, to ban the import of more than three years. But it is false documents, such as in 1998 out of the car, the signs of a change in 2004, second-hand car imports a lot of tactics. There are measures to counter them.
Russia is now like the first car is the second SUV is a vehicle, not like pickup trucks. We have been guided Russia consumption, so that the people selling pickup trucks, but were not very successful. Great Wall in the original Russian-made pickup, I also made some observations, reported that China's auto I have asked for the Great Wall. I said that the non-pickup made a wise move, pickup sales in the year is 10,000 thousand, who bought the money pickup, a pick-up 100,000 U.S. dollars he bought, no money to buy the Paper Card than to buy SUV, SUV and pickup price is almost the price of more than scenery pickup. China's low-end SUV pick-up is wearing a hat, is the same chassis, a body that is deducted SUV. Now Russia is changing people, two to three years due to rising oil prices, Russia has rich people to raise the standard of living, social stability, and they generally use the car for more than ten years, phase out old vehicles are the common people. What car? Russia in a better brand, Ford, Chevrolet, Hyundai, Lancer, are selling very good. Russia on the purchase of between 1-2 million cars, Mitsubishi Lancer 1.6 is 18,000 U.S. dollars, we have offices in Russia is the Russian people to buy Mitsubishi Lancer 1.6. Ford Focus 1.6 is 17,000 U.S. dollars, sales volume is very large, probably next year sold 100,000. Toyota sold very well, Toyota's largest number of used cars, new cars can also use second-hand car parts, so everywhere in Russia, Toyota's sales of spare parts, the cheapest Toyota vehicle, the Lancer small compared with sales of the reasons Special parts are expensive, but we still have to wait a long time. Ford and Toyota now selling because the cheaper parts and components, can be found everywhere.
Moderator: Toyota in Russia seems to be some of the research and development of small cars.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Toyota this year to invest and build factories in Russia a lot. Hyundai to invest in Poland 1,000,000,000 U.S. factories. Western countries have seen in Russia and Eastern Europe market prospects for the future, compared to China so in a few shouting. Counselor of the Russian Embassy in China said that Chinese people like to shout, rather than actually do. Nakuai you feel good, you say quietly bought, you first call to immediately bought by others, is that you buy second-hand. Therefore, Chinese people can not call a small point? Some companies, like, no cars out, said the United States to export 250,000. Originally, China and the United States is among a large trade surplus, you no longer intends to sell 250,000 motor vehicles in the United States, the United States companies, including General Motors, Ford, in the United States are big losses, losses are billions, more than 100 Billion U.S. dollars, in a large number of layoffs, you stab wound in the other, stabbed in the Zuiteng people, rather than waiting for people to boycott and sanctions against it? Can you get it?
Moderator: How the Eastern European market?
Zhu Jing Cheng: Eastern Europe, we do not only talk about in Poland. More difficult.
Sun Li Man: Ukraine and Russia's demand should be more or less the same pickup, bus, SUV sales is better.
Poland is the EU's four European standards, if we export vehicle, it is very difficult, we are now in Poland and on CKD, he should be our transmission system to remove this part of the whole because it is less than the standard, it We re-use of components imported in Europe and then imported engines, and this is our way of European exports. In Poland almost no cars in China.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Poland car factory to have two, and we are also talking about their commercial counselor, to talk about more than a year, also failed.
Sun Li Man: such as the European Union, and their vehicles are European standards for our vehicles very high, I take them to see the number of car factories, they feel that China's car interior is not their Standard, although they can not trim the European standards for cars, at least as Japanese car standards, but the Chinese car is very rough, not exhausted.
Zhu Jing Cheng: China's interior design a good car, but the work is very rough.
Li: We must not only adapt to the car of Russia's culture, but also adapt to the climate. For example, trim boards, we generally use of hard plastic, and in my own view, are recycling plastic. This relatively brittle plastics, especially in the cold, the Russians often help handle that piece of vehicles, together with a help on the broken. There's rubber suspension system, we here in the run for two years, but in the cold, a cold rubber on the hardware in particular, in the process of vibration-damping on the No, the earthquake shock, from outside the iron clasps Service on the break.
Zhu Jing-cheng: a cold start is because the cold Russian climate. Is a piece of rubber, plastic pieces of cold, a freeze on the split. The third is the poor road conditions, poor road conditions throughout Russia, the European part of a number of good, generally speaking, the road is not good. China can not imagine that Russian special circumstances, indeed, the Chinese car is not strong, the earthquake shock, a lot of things lost.
Li: There are anti-corrosion under the chassis, we have here is very dry and will not be taken into account. However, the city where the winter in order to slip, often sprinkling of salt and now only use the money to Rongxue Ji, often under the chassis of a shining white, so that the water beneath the paint has very strict requirements, we require manufacturers must There are two procedures. Only trial and error in order to meet the requirements of the Chinese car so recently in a wide range of small, which is taken for granted.
Sun Li Man: The key is to Russia's cultural and geographical awareness of not enough.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia to buy cars, attaches great importance to the interior of first impression. Some people left open the door to see one, do not even look at the engine. Shangyan to spend money to see again, do not disdain to read, the Russian people attach great importance to the interior of first impression, which is also a kind of culture. Russians in particular about the details, especially on the dashboard to the number of Russian automobile plant on the dashboard to see the production, not a bad buy.
Li: China Automotive has not done fine, as headlights, if not sealed, and there was a gap on the lid, let the distance on both sides of the gap ranged from a transfer may be transferred from transfer, but the export of some, if not Specifically to point out, no one mentioned this problem, we have only ourselves to say that we do things is, 2.5 cm in the following are considered qualified, we do not ask for much.
Zhu Jing Cheng: The Russian market is a big market, now look at some of the reports, Russia ranked first, Russia, the Middle East. In fact, Russia is China's smallest car export market, which is the current reality. Last year, exports of 340,000 motor vehicles, Russia accounted for only 1 / 34, not this big market.
Moderator: Russia's consumption level is relatively high, at least in Moscow a higher level.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia's high level of consumption, Moscow is now in the world.
Moderator: But the low level of salaries, social security it?
Zhu Jing Cheng: High-income gray. Abundant resources.
Li: gray at their income and income wage earners, such as a monthly income of 1,000 dollars, reflected in the wages table is only 500 dollars, 500 dollars to the other other way to you.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Moscow who earned 1,000 dollars a month if living is very difficult. I have an acquaintance in Siberia, in Moscow, rented a room is a set of 10 square meters room, 500 U.S. dollars a month is too expensive.
Li: Moscow, the average house price is 4200 dollars / square meter, Beijing's housing prices higher than the two or three times.
Zhu Jing Cheng: the equivalent of Beijing's second ring within the region, 7,000 U.S. dollars / square meter.
China's own brands, such as Chery, Geely, and so few, if good efforts in Russia in the future development of the market should be, if to do a good job, and he should be the most promising.
Li: phase out old vehicles, the Russians have already.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Objectively speaking, in the future in the Russian market the most promising may be Chery and Geely, and possibly Shenyang Brilliance, the car correct species, the Great Wall pickup may be more difficult.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Quality is the first hurdle, the Chinese manufacturers want to spend most of 1,000,000 yuan to do quality certification, a bus to more than 10 million U.S. dollars, nearly 100,000 euros and 50,000 euros in the past when China does not now wish to Done, Russia and prices to 100,000 euros. Manufacturers feel that I have spent the money 1,000,000 does not get on with it.
Moderator: a so cars is how much?
Zhu Jing Cheng: it was 50,000 dollars. Even if no one to do so, we export the car and we are all Russians together, which is the manufacturer to do? You will not have access to quality certification, according to the new car will only be able to sell used cars.
Moderator: car sales in Russia and how the channel? Also take some of the larger distributors do?
Sun Li Man: mainly distributors.
Zhu Jing Cheng: China, Russia last year, only three of the top, the Great Wall Automobile, Hafei, FAW is the main light truck sales, Hafei sale of light trucks, pick-up is the Great Wall and the SUV, the three major Moscow, Russia is a Distribution dealers. We export 500 SUV vehicles last year, ranked fourth in the list, because we are out of car parts, the Russian manufacturers to our assembly, the fight is Russia's brand, they have made, is Russia's use of quality certification, there is no Our own brand. Therefore, not foreign cars. China's own sales network have not been established, mainly by Russia, and mainly rely on a few, at best, not more than 5 major distributors, that is the real distribution of Russia's largest Chinese car dealers are not more than 5. The first is the power entrusted in Iraq, the second is the Beijing Jeep. They rely on the sales network.
Moderator: Russian cultural very deep, you over there in the work of the relatively long life, if the Chinese car market to open up Russia to the local culture, consumer demand should know a little more, please tell us, the consumers in Russia When buying a car which has the characteristics?
Zhu Jing Cheng: The general feeling, Russians love cars, like the Russians on the small car. I just returned from Russia to come back, a feeling that is infested city car, a sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles. As the territory of Russia too, I live a long time in Siberia, Russia has seven regions, Siberia and the Far East are two major areas, there are total of 11,000,000 square kilometers of land, China and Canada have large area, an average of 1 kilometer Less than two people. Also very well-developed road, a bike could not walk and can only drive a car, as long as the activity would take to the streets, you'll have to drive a car. Therefore, Russia's auto market is large, it is a necessary means of transport. Russia now is the polarization of the car, the rich bought expensive cars are not afraid, is particularly good on a good car; people have no money to buy expensive cars, buy second-hand car imports last year, from Vladivostok to Japan, South Korea 270,000 second-hand car. Japan is the right rudder cars, several countries want to resolve the abolition of the right rudder car, but too much can not be canceled, against the common people. Russia is the left rudder and the rudder are right.
Li: rudder about cars running together is very dangerous, Kazakhstan has been ordered to next year import ban on the right rudder cars have been sold the car to run it enough life, the right car left rudder, left rudder is the other car on the left side Perspective not all of a sudden, people can not see, the car can not see, very dangerous.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia in the past to limit the right rudder vehicles can not exceed 7 years, by now, right rudder imported cars should not exceed three years, less than three years may be imported, to ban the import of more than three years. But it is false documents, such as in 1998 out of the car, the signs of a change in 2004, second-hand car imports a lot of tactics. There are measures to counter them.
Russia is now like the first car is the second SUV is a vehicle, not like pickup trucks. We have been guided Russia consumption, so that the people selling pickup trucks, but were not very successful. Great Wall in the original Russian-made pickup, I also made some observations, reported that China's auto I have asked for the Great Wall. I said that the non-pickup made a wise move, pickup sales in the year is 10,000 thousand, who bought the money pickup, a pick-up 100,000 U.S. dollars he bought, no money to buy the Paper Card than to buy SUV, SUV and pickup price is almost the price of more than scenery pickup. China's low-end SUV pick-up is wearing a hat, is the same chassis, a body that is deducted SUV. Now Russia is changing people, two to three years due to rising oil prices, Russia has rich people to raise the standard of living, social stability, and they generally use the car for more than ten years, phase out old vehicles are the common people. What car? Russia in a better brand, Ford, Chevrolet, Hyundai, Lancer, are selling very good. Russia on the purchase of between 1-2 million cars, Mitsubishi Lancer 1.6 is 18,000 U.S. dollars, we have offices in Russia is the Russian people to buy Mitsubishi Lancer 1.6. Ford Focus 1.6 is 17,000 U.S. dollars, sales volume is very large, probably next year sold 100,000. Toyota sold very well, Toyota's largest number of used cars, new cars can also use second-hand car parts, so everywhere in Russia, Toyota's sales of spare parts, the cheapest Toyota vehicle, the Lancer small compared with sales of the reasons Special parts are expensive, but we still have to wait a long time. Ford and Toyota now selling because the cheaper parts and components, can be found everywhere.
Moderator: Toyota in Russia seems to be some of the research and development of small cars.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Toyota this year to invest and build factories in Russia a lot. Hyundai to invest in Poland 1,000,000,000 U.S. factories. Western countries have seen in Russia and Eastern Europe market prospects for the future, compared to China so in a few shouting. Counselor of the Russian Embassy in China said that Chinese people like to shout, rather than actually do. Nakuai you feel good, you say quietly bought, you first call to immediately bought by others, is that you buy second-hand. Therefore, Chinese people can not call a small point? Some companies, like, no cars out, said the United States to export 250,000. Originally, China and the United States is among a large trade surplus, you no longer intends to sell 250,000 motor vehicles in the United States, the United States companies, including General Motors, Ford, in the United States are big losses, losses are billions, more than 100 Billion U.S. dollars, in a large number of layoffs, you stab wound in the other, stabbed in the Zuiteng people, rather than waiting for people to boycott and sanctions against it? Can you get it?
Moderator: How the Eastern European market?
Zhu Jing Cheng: Eastern Europe, we do not only talk about in Poland. More difficult.
Sun Li Man: Ukraine and Russia's demand should be more or less the same pickup, bus, SUV sales is better.
Poland is the EU's four European standards, if we export vehicle, it is very difficult, we are now in Poland and on CKD, he should be our transmission system to remove this part of the whole because it is less than the standard, it We re-use of components imported in Europe and then imported engines, and this is our way of European exports. In Poland almost no cars in China.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Poland car factory to have two, and we are also talking about their commercial counselor, to talk about more than a year, also failed.
Sun Li Man: such as the European Union, and their vehicles are European standards for our vehicles very high, I take them to see the number of car factories, they feel that China's car interior is not their Standard, although they can not trim the European standards for cars, at least as Japanese car standards, but the Chinese car is very rough, not exhausted.
Zhu Jing Cheng: China's interior design a good car, but the work is very rough.
Li: We must not only adapt to the car of Russia's culture, but also adapt to the climate. For example, trim boards, we generally use of hard plastic, and in my own view, are recycling plastic. This relatively brittle plastics, especially in the cold, the Russians often help handle that piece of vehicles, together with a help on the broken. There's rubber suspension system, we here in the run for two years, but in the cold, a cold rubber on the hardware in particular, in the process of vibration-damping on the No, the earthquake shock, from outside the iron clasps Service on the break.
Zhu Jing-cheng: a cold start is because the cold Russian climate. Is a piece of rubber, plastic pieces of cold, a freeze on the split. The third is the poor road conditions, poor road conditions throughout Russia, the European part of a number of good, generally speaking, the road is not good. China can not imagine that Russian special circumstances, indeed, the Chinese car is not strong, the earthquake shock, a lot of things lost.
Li: There are anti-corrosion under the chassis, we have here is very dry and will not be taken into account. However, the city where the winter in order to slip, often sprinkling of salt and now only use the money to Rongxue Ji, often under the chassis of a shining white, so that the water beneath the paint has very strict requirements, we require manufacturers must There are two procedures. Only trial and error in order to meet the requirements of the Chinese car so recently in a wide range of small, which is taken for granted.
Sun Li Man: The key is to Russia's cultural and geographical awareness of not enough.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia to buy cars, attaches great importance to the interior of first impression. Some people left open the door to see one, do not even look at the engine. Shangyan to spend money to see again, do not disdain to read, the Russian people attach great importance to the interior of first impression, which is also a kind of culture. Russians in particular about the details, especially on the dashboard to the number of Russian automobile plant on the dashboard to see the production, not a bad buy.
Li: China Automotive has not done fine, as headlights, if not sealed, and there was a gap on the lid, let the distance on both sides of the gap ranged from a transfer may be transferred from transfer, but the export of some, if not Specifically to point out, no one mentioned this problem, we have only ourselves to say that we do things is, 2.5 cm in the following are considered qualified, we do not ask for much.
Zhu Jing Cheng: The Russian market is a big market, now look at some of the reports, Russia ranked first, Russia, the Middle East. In fact, Russia is China's smallest car export market, which is the current reality. Last year, exports of 340,000 motor vehicles, Russia accounted for only 1 / 34, not this big market.
Moderator: Russia's consumption level is relatively high, at least in Moscow a higher level.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Russia's high level of consumption, Moscow is now in the world.
Moderator: But the low level of salaries, social security it?
Zhu Jing Cheng: High-income gray. Abundant resources.
Li: gray at their income and income wage earners, such as a monthly income of 1,000 dollars, reflected in the wages table is only 500 dollars, 500 dollars to the other other way to you.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Moscow who earned 1,000 dollars a month if living is very difficult. I have an acquaintance in Siberia, in Moscow, rented a room is a set of 10 square meters room, 500 U.S. dollars a month is too expensive.
Li: Moscow, the average house price is 4200 dollars / square meter, Beijing's housing prices higher than the two or three times.
Zhu Jing Cheng: the equivalent of Beijing's second ring within the region, 7,000 U.S. dollars / square meter.
China's own brands, such as Chery, Geely, and so few, if good efforts in Russia in the future development of the market should be, if to do a good job, and he should be the most promising.
Li: phase out old vehicles, the Russians have already.
Zhu Jing Cheng: Objectively speaking, in the future in the Russian market the most promising may be Chery and Geely, and possibly Shenyang Brilliance, the car correct species, the Great Wall pickup may be more difficult.
Magic tire world
Color tire
It is not only cool color-hyun and tires, will be the monotony of the road into the black-filled world. By the color of silicon rubber and synthetic materials to create color of the tires not only colorful, beautiful to watch, but also in the running to stay off the roads Physalospora color. Comes to remove the appearance of the functions, color black tire tires more than reduce the effectiveness of the accident. A night in vehicles equipped with color due to tire, especially to attract the attention of pedestrians, and at the same time in the past to make vehicles more carefully.
The color of color tires can be specified by the user, but is still red, yellow and blue dominated. The high-level sports car to drive young people of color will be available at the beginning of a major tire customers.
Aroma tire
After more than a year after the R & D, Kumho Tire Company of the United States launched the world's first "smell" the tire ECSTADX. And General tire difference is that consumers can no longer put up with the smell of plastic tires, will be replaced by the scent of lavender. Kumho in the future also plans to launch the scent of jasmine and orange tires. ECSTADX tire from the beginning of 2007, sales in the United States, according to the tires of different sizes, the price at about 119-138 U.S. dollars between. However, female consumers would really like to smell a scent of lavender tires it? Most people really have the urge to hear their tires it? Or in the open space, we really get to hear lavender smell it? The invention of interest, it should be much better than in practicality it!
Transparent Hub
At present, the wheel of a fully transparent come out of the tires. It is made of poly-carbonate material Ming made, so the whole wheel looks totally transparent, applicable to a variety of vehicles (including motorcycles), 1.5 inches and 2-inch thickness specifications. It is reported that each Hub price in 2000 dollars. However, the use of such a transparent wheel, the need to spend extra cleaning fee.
It is not only cool color-hyun and tires, will be the monotony of the road into the black-filled world. By the color of silicon rubber and synthetic materials to create color of the tires not only colorful, beautiful to watch, but also in the running to stay off the roads Physalospora color. Comes to remove the appearance of the functions, color black tire tires more than reduce the effectiveness of the accident. A night in vehicles equipped with color due to tire, especially to attract the attention of pedestrians, and at the same time in the past to make vehicles more carefully.
The color of color tires can be specified by the user, but is still red, yellow and blue dominated. The high-level sports car to drive young people of color will be available at the beginning of a major tire customers.
Aroma tire
After more than a year after the R & D, Kumho Tire Company of the United States launched the world's first "smell" the tire ECSTADX. And General tire difference is that consumers can no longer put up with the smell of plastic tires, will be replaced by the scent of lavender. Kumho in the future also plans to launch the scent of jasmine and orange tires. ECSTADX tire from the beginning of 2007, sales in the United States, according to the tires of different sizes, the price at about 119-138 U.S. dollars between. However, female consumers would really like to smell a scent of lavender tires it? Most people really have the urge to hear their tires it? Or in the open space, we really get to hear lavender smell it? The invention of interest, it should be much better than in practicality it!
Transparent Hub
At present, the wheel of a fully transparent come out of the tires. It is made of poly-carbonate material Ming made, so the whole wheel looks totally transparent, applicable to a variety of vehicles (including motorcycles), 1.5 inches and 2-inch thickness specifications. It is reported that each Hub price in 2000 dollars. However, the use of such a transparent wheel, the need to spend extra cleaning fee.
Tire cord fabric industry, chemical fiber raw materials aim at the market
At present, the developed countries in the development of chemical fiber enterprises to use chemical fiber industry, the most representative products are automotive tire cord fiber. A lot of foreign chemical fiber enterprises changing tire cord fiber needed to enable enterprises to operate out of the predicament.
South Korea's Hyosung Corporation in the 1970s has been to produce daily-use chemical-based products, after the mid-90's the face of China's chemical fiber and other countries the competitive pressure, changing the beginning of chemical fiber industrial supplies, and tire cord fabric production As a key chemical fiber products, with annual capacity of polythene fiber cord 10,400 tons, in the international market share of 25%, Hyosung Corporation has acquired Goodyear's tire cord fabric production of chemical fiber enterprises Utica company In North America, South America and Europe 4 cord with the production of chemical fiber products plant. Hyosung's recent acquisition of Utica, its cord with polyethylene fiber production accounts for up to the international market share of 35%. Hyosung in the Anti-corrosion steel tire cord fabric used in the field of chemical fiber production and fourth largest in the world, the annual output to 125,000 tons. South Korea's Hyosung this chemical fiber products, structural adjustment by the general value-added products with high added value to the transition towards a decisive step.
PFI and the United States of the last century's Invista is also a general chemical fiber production enterprises, through structural adjustment to changing products, they now use the cord of polyethylene fiber were produced 94,000 tons and 53,000 tons respectively of the total world market share of 23% And 13% completely out of the general value-added chemical fiber production and operation losses. Cologne Group of South Korea's current restructuring of chemical fiber products have also achieved initial results, with tire cord fiber products, polyethylene production rose to 38,400 tons, accounting for the international market share of 9%.
Europe and the United States, Japan and South Korea's chemical fiber enterprises are still using artificial silk cord fibers, nylon 6 fiber, glass fiber and nylon 66 fiber and chemical fiber cord with environment-friendly products, chemical fiber loycel new investment and increase development efforts. In addition, IT products, technology, aviation and space technology such as sharp in the field of chemical fiber materials, a new generation of the growing demand, chemical fiber enterprises in developed countries are now targeting these areas of high value-added products, fast changing products to these areas.
South Korea's Hyosung Corporation in the 1970s has been to produce daily-use chemical-based products, after the mid-90's the face of China's chemical fiber and other countries the competitive pressure, changing the beginning of chemical fiber industrial supplies, and tire cord fabric production As a key chemical fiber products, with annual capacity of polythene fiber cord 10,400 tons, in the international market share of 25%, Hyosung Corporation has acquired Goodyear's tire cord fabric production of chemical fiber enterprises Utica company In North America, South America and Europe 4 cord with the production of chemical fiber products plant. Hyosung's recent acquisition of Utica, its cord with polyethylene fiber production accounts for up to the international market share of 35%. Hyosung in the Anti-corrosion steel tire cord fabric used in the field of chemical fiber production and fourth largest in the world, the annual output to 125,000 tons. South Korea's Hyosung this chemical fiber products, structural adjustment by the general value-added products with high added value to the transition towards a decisive step.
PFI and the United States of the last century's Invista is also a general chemical fiber production enterprises, through structural adjustment to changing products, they now use the cord of polyethylene fiber were produced 94,000 tons and 53,000 tons respectively of the total world market share of 23% And 13% completely out of the general value-added chemical fiber production and operation losses. Cologne Group of South Korea's current restructuring of chemical fiber products have also achieved initial results, with tire cord fiber products, polyethylene production rose to 38,400 tons, accounting for the international market share of 9%.
Europe and the United States, Japan and South Korea's chemical fiber enterprises are still using artificial silk cord fibers, nylon 6 fiber, glass fiber and nylon 66 fiber and chemical fiber cord with environment-friendly products, chemical fiber loycel new investment and increase development efforts. In addition, IT products, technology, aviation and space technology such as sharp in the field of chemical fiber materials, a new generation of the growing demand, chemical fiber enterprises in developed countries are now targeting these areas of high value-added products, fast changing products to these areas.
Discarded tires can be extracted carbon black
Recently, the United Kingdom 3 inventors from discarded tires to extract carbon black. This black color printing ink can be used as a substitute for special carbon black, low prices. This method is in the air under the conditions of isolation, at 800 ℃ high temperature pyrolysis of used tires, to be black, white and black wire, and other mixtures, magnetic separation, after the screening of baking, a system of semi-pure powder. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were then washed and a half of pure powder, black can be printed with black ink. Compared with traditional furnace method of carbon black production process, this high-temperature pyrolysis process, not emissions of carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon black in rubber Determination
Carbon black rubber industry is an indispensable raw materials, second only to the amount of rubber, is one of the most effective and widely used in reinforcing agent. Black vulcanized rubber to improve performance, increase the hardness of rubber, modulus, fracture energy, tensile strength, tear, fatigue and wear resistant properties. Carbon Black additional role of a big to be effective to reduce the cost of rubber, especially in the use of silicone rubber, acrylic rubber and fluorine rubber, rubber products in the special. The latter, the amount of carbon black, the better, but not an excessive amount of carbon black increased, reinforcing effect, but the impact of the products finish and tensile properties to increase the difficulty of processing products, so a reasonable amount of carbon black The rubber industry is the research topic. How accurate determination of the content of carbon black products in it? In this paper, rubber products, introduced in the determination of the content of carbon black.
Carbon black rubber in the determination of the basic principles of solvent extraction by small organic molecules, or break through the degradation of rubber polymer removal by thermal oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon black separation. There are currently nitric acid oxidation, high temperature tube furnace pyrolysis, thermal analysis method, microwave cracking and degradation metathesis method. The main difference between the ways on how to break down or degradation of polymer in the process. Removal of small molecules and inorganic compounds isolated in this two basic types. The difference is that different rubber require different operating conditions, such as extraction time, extraction solvent used in the selection, rinse the remnants of solvent and temperature, and so on. Both see the process of GB 7766-87 standard and GB 3515-83. The following highlights the different ways in or degradation of polymer decomposition process.
First, the determination of carbon black
1. Nitric acid oxidation
The basic principle: the heat concentrated nitric oxide by solvent extraction over the sample, and then isolated from inorganic compounds such as carbon black and insoluble materials, with a particular solvent until clear liquid rinse-insoluble transparent, dry weight after the end Insoluble-burning, burning, after the loss of quality is the quality of carbon black. The methods belong to the classical method has become the national standard GB7766-87, it mainly applies to double bond with the type of unsaturated butadiene rubber; saturation of the rubber needs to be done accordingly change, or nitric acid oxidation degradation of polymer can not. In addition to the methods of post-oxidation degradation products were part of the low molecular weight, and thus carbon black residue, such as the separation more difficult, rubber specific needs of specific procedures for washing and cleaning solvents, or more errors. In addition to test a long time.
2. High-temperature tube furnace pyrolysis
The basic principles: First of all, with a corresponding number of solvent extraction-hour sample, and then drying, said replay burning boat people, and then under nitrogen in the polymer pyrolysis, cooling out after weighing combustion boat, and then in the air in the combustion removal Carbon black, and then weighing, the quality of the content of carbon black is lost. The methods belong to the classical method has been included as the national standard GB3515-83, refer to the specific operating standards. It is suitable for a variety of saturated and unsaturated vulcanized rubber, but because of its heat through and remove the polymer solution, so as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and neoprene pyrolysis produce carbon-containing residue of rubber is not suitable to use this method, It requires the same rubber products do not contain the pyrolysis will have a residual points with the agent. Thermal decomposition method to avoid the choice of solvent washing and tedious process of cleaning, nitric acid oxidation time.
3. TG analysis
The basic principles: to learn that after the solvent extraction of the sample put in a number of TG within the micro-scale heat, then the sample containing polymers, carbon black and inorganic compounds. To do with nitrogen carrier gas, nitrogen gas to control temperature and flow rate of speed, after warming up to a certain temperature (configured with the temperature about the type of rubber), the polymer temperature until no longer weight loss, this time for the residue of carbon black and inorganic compounds . And then switch for the air carrier gas, so that the occurrence of black oxide and volatile until the samples are no longer weight loss, this time the only remnants of inorganic compounds.
This method has the advantage of the largest weight loss, automatically recorded by the apparatus and draw weight loss curve, according to the weight loss curves can be calculated polymer, inorganic compounds and carbon content. Therefore, the method is less sample (only a few dozen mg), and precision time-saving advantages. However, TGA expensive, and operators need to have experience, be able to identify skilled TG curve at different stages of the starting point. Its scope of application of the tube with high-temperature furnace pyrolysis.
4. Microwave cracking method
Similar to the basic principles of weight loss analyzer, the main difference is the thermal decomposition of the energy needed by the occurrence of microwave devices, first, because of microwave heat quickly, reduce test time; Second, the results close to the classic method. J K Sekinger introduced a law cracking microwave test the content of carbon black in the SBR method does not require the use of inert gases do not have to vacuum, cracking only 7min, and TG also need to test lh. Sekinger studied temperature cracking, splitting time, the content of styrene and carbon black surface area and other factors, the experiments show that the method for styrene with different content, filled with oil content of carbon black and styrene butadiene rubber.
5. Metathesis degradation
That take 100 ~ 200mg by the solvent extraction after the samples kept in centrifuge tubes, and then adding a certain concentration of (CH) Sn and WCIJ6 degradation as a catalyst for the solution, while adding appropriate amount of n-decene, the aim is to dilute the reaction system, to accelerate the degradation reaction Speed, reducing adsorption in the small molecule on the surface of carbon black. Canada finished reactants, sealed glass tube, after a certain number of hours after the reaction by adding ethanol to terminate reaction, ethanol can also dilute the reaction system, carbon black in favor of the centrifugal settlement. The centrifuge tube release centrifuges, high-speed centrifuge settlement of carbon black, used solvents to clean completely colorless clear liquid, with the final concentration of ammonia and ethanol mixed cleaning solution residue, a catalyst to remove the residual elements, then residues Mainly carbon and inorganic compounds. Separation of inorganic compounds and other similar methods. The method is suitable for carbon-carbon double bonds of fatty type of rubber, cross-linked to the degree of impact test results. F Stelzer and others use this method to test butadiene rubber content of carbon black, and electron microscopy, analysis of the surface area of carbon black, that the method does not damage the structure of carbon black. However, the determination of the existence of methods for a long time and too much trouble to clean shortcomings.
Second, the analysis of the factors
Different methods of decomposition or degradation mechanism is different, different test conditions, so there are different ways to different factors. In this paper, but only to introduce a number of common factors. First, the measured concentration of carbon black, to understand the main rubber composition and structure of the different needs of different rubber polymer degradation methods and operating conditions, nitric acid oxidation degradation can not butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber and neoprene, The high-temperature tube furnace heat is not suitable solution NBR. Second, to understand the rubber vulcanization system. Yu Songlin pointed out that the sulfur vulcanization of rubber, of which 30% of the sulfur and carbon black, therefore, measured in carbon content, the need for a Ceco-Sc-Bl2-determination of sulfur in the carbon content of sulfur, carbon black to improve The accuracy of the determination. F Stelzer using metathesis method degradation of butadiene rubber content of carbon black, sulfur and peroxide vulcanization of rubber curing systems used by large differences in operating conditions. The former degradation need to be 5 ~ 10h, which needs 16 ~ 20h. According to the curing system should determine the different operating conditions. Thirdly, there must be a preliminary analysis of the samples contained in plastic inorganic compounds, which affect the analysis of the results of a variety of factors, which can be used X-ray diffraction analysis and other methods, such as Waddell, such as using PA-FTIR Analysis of PIXE and rubber composition and Inorganic compounds.
Carbon black rubber in the determination of the basic principles of solvent extraction by small organic molecules, or break through the degradation of rubber polymer removal by thermal oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon black separation. There are currently nitric acid oxidation, high temperature tube furnace pyrolysis, thermal analysis method, microwave cracking and degradation metathesis method. The main difference between the ways on how to break down or degradation of polymer in the process. Removal of small molecules and inorganic compounds isolated in this two basic types. The difference is that different rubber require different operating conditions, such as extraction time, extraction solvent used in the selection, rinse the remnants of solvent and temperature, and so on. Both see the process of GB 7766-87 standard and GB 3515-83. The following highlights the different ways in or degradation of polymer decomposition process.
First, the determination of carbon black
1. Nitric acid oxidation
The basic principle: the heat concentrated nitric oxide by solvent extraction over the sample, and then isolated from inorganic compounds such as carbon black and insoluble materials, with a particular solvent until clear liquid rinse-insoluble transparent, dry weight after the end Insoluble-burning, burning, after the loss of quality is the quality of carbon black. The methods belong to the classical method has become the national standard GB7766-87, it mainly applies to double bond with the type of unsaturated butadiene rubber; saturation of the rubber needs to be done accordingly change, or nitric acid oxidation degradation of polymer can not. In addition to the methods of post-oxidation degradation products were part of the low molecular weight, and thus carbon black residue, such as the separation more difficult, rubber specific needs of specific procedures for washing and cleaning solvents, or more errors. In addition to test a long time.
2. High-temperature tube furnace pyrolysis
The basic principles: First of all, with a corresponding number of solvent extraction-hour sample, and then drying, said replay burning boat people, and then under nitrogen in the polymer pyrolysis, cooling out after weighing combustion boat, and then in the air in the combustion removal Carbon black, and then weighing, the quality of the content of carbon black is lost. The methods belong to the classical method has been included as the national standard GB3515-83, refer to the specific operating standards. It is suitable for a variety of saturated and unsaturated vulcanized rubber, but because of its heat through and remove the polymer solution, so as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and neoprene pyrolysis produce carbon-containing residue of rubber is not suitable to use this method, It requires the same rubber products do not contain the pyrolysis will have a residual points with the agent. Thermal decomposition method to avoid the choice of solvent washing and tedious process of cleaning, nitric acid oxidation time.
3. TG analysis
The basic principles: to learn that after the solvent extraction of the sample put in a number of TG within the micro-scale heat, then the sample containing polymers, carbon black and inorganic compounds. To do with nitrogen carrier gas, nitrogen gas to control temperature and flow rate of speed, after warming up to a certain temperature (configured with the temperature about the type of rubber), the polymer temperature until no longer weight loss, this time for the residue of carbon black and inorganic compounds . And then switch for the air carrier gas, so that the occurrence of black oxide and volatile until the samples are no longer weight loss, this time the only remnants of inorganic compounds.
This method has the advantage of the largest weight loss, automatically recorded by the apparatus and draw weight loss curve, according to the weight loss curves can be calculated polymer, inorganic compounds and carbon content. Therefore, the method is less sample (only a few dozen mg), and precision time-saving advantages. However, TGA expensive, and operators need to have experience, be able to identify skilled TG curve at different stages of the starting point. Its scope of application of the tube with high-temperature furnace pyrolysis.
4. Microwave cracking method
Similar to the basic principles of weight loss analyzer, the main difference is the thermal decomposition of the energy needed by the occurrence of microwave devices, first, because of microwave heat quickly, reduce test time; Second, the results close to the classic method. J K Sekinger introduced a law cracking microwave test the content of carbon black in the SBR method does not require the use of inert gases do not have to vacuum, cracking only 7min, and TG also need to test lh. Sekinger studied temperature cracking, splitting time, the content of styrene and carbon black surface area and other factors, the experiments show that the method for styrene with different content, filled with oil content of carbon black and styrene butadiene rubber.
5. Metathesis degradation
That take 100 ~ 200mg by the solvent extraction after the samples kept in centrifuge tubes, and then adding a certain concentration of (CH) Sn and WCIJ6 degradation as a catalyst for the solution, while adding appropriate amount of n-decene, the aim is to dilute the reaction system, to accelerate the degradation reaction Speed, reducing adsorption in the small molecule on the surface of carbon black. Canada finished reactants, sealed glass tube, after a certain number of hours after the reaction by adding ethanol to terminate reaction, ethanol can also dilute the reaction system, carbon black in favor of the centrifugal settlement. The centrifuge tube release centrifuges, high-speed centrifuge settlement of carbon black, used solvents to clean completely colorless clear liquid, with the final concentration of ammonia and ethanol mixed cleaning solution residue, a catalyst to remove the residual elements, then residues Mainly carbon and inorganic compounds. Separation of inorganic compounds and other similar methods. The method is suitable for carbon-carbon double bonds of fatty type of rubber, cross-linked to the degree of impact test results. F Stelzer and others use this method to test butadiene rubber content of carbon black, and electron microscopy, analysis of the surface area of carbon black, that the method does not damage the structure of carbon black. However, the determination of the existence of methods for a long time and too much trouble to clean shortcomings.
Second, the analysis of the factors
Different methods of decomposition or degradation mechanism is different, different test conditions, so there are different ways to different factors. In this paper, but only to introduce a number of common factors. First, the measured concentration of carbon black, to understand the main rubber composition and structure of the different needs of different rubber polymer degradation methods and operating conditions, nitric acid oxidation degradation can not butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber and neoprene, The high-temperature tube furnace heat is not suitable solution NBR. Second, to understand the rubber vulcanization system. Yu Songlin pointed out that the sulfur vulcanization of rubber, of which 30% of the sulfur and carbon black, therefore, measured in carbon content, the need for a Ceco-Sc-Bl2-determination of sulfur in the carbon content of sulfur, carbon black to improve The accuracy of the determination. F Stelzer using metathesis method degradation of butadiene rubber content of carbon black, sulfur and peroxide vulcanization of rubber curing systems used by large differences in operating conditions. The former degradation need to be 5 ~ 10h, which needs 16 ~ 20h. According to the curing system should determine the different operating conditions. Thirdly, there must be a preliminary analysis of the samples contained in plastic inorganic compounds, which affect the analysis of the results of a variety of factors, which can be used X-ray diffraction analysis and other methods, such as Waddell, such as using PA-FTIR Analysis of PIXE and rubber composition and Inorganic compounds.
Ingersoll-Rand Nitrogen tire machine introduced
Ingersoll-Rand Nitrogen tire machines using thin film filter technology will be dry, inert nitrogen filling into the tire. Nitrogen is no such machine moving parts, no noise, and simple maintenance of the year. It will connect to the existing air compressor repair shop, just a few minutes will be able to produce nitrogen. Nitrogen tire is a service charge, but said that as long as the clearance of its advantages, customers will be acceptable.
Incorrect inflated tires reduce the weight-bearing capacity, increased fuel consumption, but also resulted in rolling resistance and heat build up. Accumulation of heat will bring disastrous consequences. In addition, because of oxygen leakage through the tire wall, so the rubber tire compound will be oxidized, which led to the tire aging. Nitrogen is a clean and moisture-free gas, the gas can slow down the process of aging tires.
Nitrogen through the tire wall leakage of oxygen than 3 times slower. As a result, tire air pressure to keep Nitrogen after a long time, thus reducing wear and tear, increased grip, so that the vehicle control and better security. On the tire repair center, the adoption of the technology Nitrogen can save money and raise output, and also to the customer to prove the safety of vehicles and the maintenance of the right is of utmost importance.
Incorrect inflated tires reduce the weight-bearing capacity, increased fuel consumption, but also resulted in rolling resistance and heat build up. Accumulation of heat will bring disastrous consequences. In addition, because of oxygen leakage through the tire wall, so the rubber tire compound will be oxidized, which led to the tire aging. Nitrogen is a clean and moisture-free gas, the gas can slow down the process of aging tires.
Nitrogen through the tire wall leakage of oxygen than 3 times slower. As a result, tire air pressure to keep Nitrogen after a long time, thus reducing wear and tear, increased grip, so that the vehicle control and better security. On the tire repair center, the adoption of the technology Nitrogen can save money and raise output, and also to the customer to prove the safety of vehicles and the maintenance of the right is of utmost importance.
Motorcycle tire innovative new products - Terminator tube
General motorcycle tire innovation (Telegraph) tires into a vacuum-child "Terminator tube" (inner tube leak-free agent) market mature, deeply affected the well-established use of the tire, breaking the motorcycle tires outside the ordinary Need a certain inner tubes can be used inflatable reality, and then to retain the original tire and wheel the same shape, so that a variety of motor (electric vehicle) completely out of inner tubes, inflatable exercise can achieve the effect of fetal vacuum And to be able to do: "The Spurs do not nail leakage, no child up," auto tire repair 6mm inside the perforation, corrosion-free, non-toxic, odor-free, applicable in all kinds of bad road conditions and climate. Use of this product after the tires of the use of the parameters is improved, increasing life expectancy, health revolution has thus began to tire.
U.S. DALWORTH Victoria Road, Shi modified rubber / SBS modified asphalt production equipment
U.S. DALWORTH Victoria Road, Shi modified asphalt equipment used in "the world's longest cross-sea bridge" - in the East China Sea Bridge construction. It has a continuous high-shear degradation of the production process of rubber modified / SBS modified asphalt, after the cut to fine powder particles can increase the degree of degradation of rubber and asphalt compatibility, a more stable product. The same device can also produce rubber modified asphalt can be produced SBS, SBR, PE, and other polymer modified asphalt, and its unique design teeth with high-Jiao Timo shear, cut a one-time, continuous production, the production of super - Capacity; one-time cut-Mexican Institute of qualified, many times without circulation, to save energy and reduce costs.
Yokohama Rubber to verify the "multi-functional flexible pavement materials," Noise Reduction
Yokohama Rubber Zama in Kanagawa Prefecture, the city government before the city built the road on the 17th line of test used to reduce the road noise and road and Japan to jointly develop a "multi-functional flexible pavement materials," the effect of noise reduction verified. According to the determination of the scene, with the existing allocation of dense asphalt road surface, the speed at 40km / h speed under the so reduce the noise about 10dB (A) the effect of noise reduction, equivalent to the volume of traffic was reduced to about 1 / 10. In the past the quiet road surface (of the road drainage) in the same speed under the effect of noise reduction is only 2 ~ 3dB (A).
"Multi-functional flexible pavement" by the use of discarded tires to smash into the rubber powder and silica sand for the structure of the material, the use of polyurethane adhesive resin and hardening technology. The effect of noise was so big because of internal roads and more space (porosity of 20 to 30%), has the flexibility to reduce tire noise generated by (the sound vibration) and also have a good sound-absorbing effect. But also with a variety of other functions, it's because of the other characteristics of flexibility, so the vehicle was crushed ice, frozen road is not easy to make. Due to the high porosity, good drainage. When they encounter a rainy day can prevent the road is wet and slippery, but also to prevent splashing water.
The construction of multi-functional flexible materials in the road "Japan porous pavement study will be flexible" (Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Research Center, 5 rubber private enterprises and 7 private enterprise road together to study the composition of the) research The results, based on the original slip-resistant and wear-resistant and durable, and other issues were substantially improved. The method is divided into road construction, the site will be 1m square sheet of stitching on the road in the plate-like and old asphalt pavement at the scene the same material will be mixed together in the laying of a direct road construction on the site-2 method. Yokohama Rubber developed by the latter.
"Multi-functional flexible pavement" by the use of discarded tires to smash into the rubber powder and silica sand for the structure of the material, the use of polyurethane adhesive resin and hardening technology. The effect of noise was so big because of internal roads and more space (porosity of 20 to 30%), has the flexibility to reduce tire noise generated by (the sound vibration) and also have a good sound-absorbing effect. But also with a variety of other functions, it's because of the other characteristics of flexibility, so the vehicle was crushed ice, frozen road is not easy to make. Due to the high porosity, good drainage. When they encounter a rainy day can prevent the road is wet and slippery, but also to prevent splashing water.
The construction of multi-functional flexible materials in the road "Japan porous pavement study will be flexible" (Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Research Center, 5 rubber private enterprises and 7 private enterprise road together to study the composition of the) research The results, based on the original slip-resistant and wear-resistant and durable, and other issues were substantially improved. The method is divided into road construction, the site will be 1m square sheet of stitching on the road in the plate-like and old asphalt pavement at the scene the same material will be mixed together in the laying of a direct road construction on the site-2 method. Yokohama Rubber developed by the latter.
Vietnam plans to join the Government of Indonesia and Malaysia and Thailand of the three countries of the International Rubber Association
Vietnam Agriculture and Rural Development recommended approval of the Government of Vietnam Rubber Association of Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia International Rubber Association. 3 According to the association on behalf of the Government suggested that the future development of the association will become the Rubber Association of South-East Asia.
It is reported that the three countries of the International Rubber Association was established in December 2001, and formed by the three government-funded International Rubber Company (IRCo), the company controls 70% of the world's rubber. Now, the international rubber market decline has affected the income of farmers. The association proposed a series of measures to stabilize rubber prices at a reasonable price to maintain the balance between supply and demand of natural rubber.
World rubber industry is expected to Viet Nam in addition to the expansion of domestic rubber plantation area, Laos and Cambodia are also planting rubber investing in the future Vietnam will become an important transit trade and rubber markets.
It is reported that the three countries of the International Rubber Association was established in December 2001, and formed by the three government-funded International Rubber Company (IRCo), the company controls 70% of the world's rubber. Now, the international rubber market decline has affected the income of farmers. The association proposed a series of measures to stabilize rubber prices at a reasonable price to maintain the balance between supply and demand of natural rubber.
World rubber industry is expected to Viet Nam in addition to the expansion of domestic rubber plantation area, Laos and Cambodia are also planting rubber investing in the future Vietnam will become an important transit trade and rubber markets.
Tire maintenance of good import American-3M tire strong detergent
A brief description of
Origin: United States
Material:
Size: net capacity: 473 ml
Gross weight: 0.7 kg
3M quickly tire cleaners, security, perfect one-step cleaning tires and brakes to remove dust, dust and asphalt, tires also true colors of light. From the world's top 500 companies of 3M products, emphasis on respect for the social and natural environment in order to excellent quality, value and service to meet customer requirements.
Note: Ben Pinwei flammable products. Are available only to customers in Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Anhui provinces to choose Shen Feng-Express or the more customers buy.
Note the use of
In the tire and wheel cover clean before the inspection detergent. Pour out the part of a prominent place in the non-first use, wash with water mist was to be decommissioned.
1. With high-speed water flow to wash the soil on the tires.
2. Detergents will be evenly sprayed on the surface of the tire.
3. Mane with a hard brush to wipe force, to be shed dirt, high-pressure water jets used tires running water
Origin: United States
Material:
Size: net capacity: 473 ml
Gross weight: 0.7 kg
3M quickly tire cleaners, security, perfect one-step cleaning tires and brakes to remove dust, dust and asphalt, tires also true colors of light. From the world's top 500 companies of 3M products, emphasis on respect for the social and natural environment in order to excellent quality, value and service to meet customer requirements.
Note: Ben Pinwei flammable products. Are available only to customers in Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Anhui provinces to choose Shen Feng-Express or the more customers buy.
Note the use of
In the tire and wheel cover clean before the inspection detergent. Pour out the part of a prominent place in the non-first use, wash with water mist was to be decommissioned.
1. With high-speed water flow to wash the soil on the tires.
2. Detergents will be evenly sprayed on the surface of the tire.
3. Mane with a hard brush to wipe force, to be shed dirt, high-pressure water jets used tires running water
Vietnam to actively expand rubber production
In recent years, the international natural rubber market prices have remained high in the last year in the international market price of natural rubber prices up to 1920 U.S. dollars per ton, compared with 2005, up 50%. According to statistics, the international market demand for natural rubber in 2006 to 9,100,000 tons, is expected in 2007 will reach 9,390,000 tons in 2008 to more than 10,000,000 tons; the world's natural rubber production in 2006 was 9,100,000 tons, is expected in 2007 and 2008, annual production Will reach 9,750,000 tons and 9,970,000 tons, production growth and market demand to maintain the basic balance.
In the international market for natural rubber prices higher, led by Vietnamese natural rubber production and exports continue to expand the current natural rubber plantation area has reached 500,000 hectares, the 2010 program will be expanded to 700,000 hectares. In the past, Vietnamese rubber plantations are mainly in the southern region, and in recent years begun to expand in central and northern regions. Vietnamese experts are rubber plantation in the northern mountain provinces to carry out site visits, in the hope that the development of local natural rubber-growing industry. At the same time, Vietnam is also in the agricultural sector to neighboring Laos and Cambodia for rubber plantation investment, the two neighboring countries strive to increase natural rubber planting area of 100,000 hectares each.
In addition, Vietnam also strengthened in the rubber plantation in the field of scientific research and international cooperation, research and development and to foster a different environment for new varieties, improved scholaris out of plastic, from Malaysia to introduce advanced technology, natural rubber plantation in Vietnam Industry has opened up a new way. At present, natural rubber production in Vietnam in general to achieve a latex per hectare, 1.73 tons, 35 state-owned large-scale farm production per hectare reached 2 tons of latex a year. Vietnam exports mainly natural rubber, rubber production and yield per unit area behind Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and India, the world's fifth home. 2006 Vietnam exported 680,000 tons of natural rubber, earned 1.3 billion U.S. dollars, respectively, year-on-year increase of 18.5 percent and 65.2 percent.
In the international market for natural rubber prices higher, led by Vietnamese natural rubber production and exports continue to expand the current natural rubber plantation area has reached 500,000 hectares, the 2010 program will be expanded to 700,000 hectares. In the past, Vietnamese rubber plantations are mainly in the southern region, and in recent years begun to expand in central and northern regions. Vietnamese experts are rubber plantation in the northern mountain provinces to carry out site visits, in the hope that the development of local natural rubber-growing industry. At the same time, Vietnam is also in the agricultural sector to neighboring Laos and Cambodia for rubber plantation investment, the two neighboring countries strive to increase natural rubber planting area of 100,000 hectares each.
In addition, Vietnam also strengthened in the rubber plantation in the field of scientific research and international cooperation, research and development and to foster a different environment for new varieties, improved scholaris out of plastic, from Malaysia to introduce advanced technology, natural rubber plantation in Vietnam Industry has opened up a new way. At present, natural rubber production in Vietnam in general to achieve a latex per hectare, 1.73 tons, 35 state-owned large-scale farm production per hectare reached 2 tons of latex a year. Vietnam exports mainly natural rubber, rubber production and yield per unit area behind Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and India, the world's fifth home. 2006 Vietnam exported 680,000 tons of natural rubber, earned 1.3 billion U.S. dollars, respectively, year-on-year increase of 18.5 percent and 65.2 percent.
Rubber-made cars will not impact deformation
Rubber body to do, and then the car fitted with anti-collision spring, the accident occurred after the driver will be fine; and the general impact of body recovery automatically, no need for maintenance and repair. Chongqing Lei workers to the invention of flexible car that won the national patent.
Mercedes-Benz, BMW still not hit
Lei education to middle school, Chongqing is now a car factory workers, be responsible for assembly work. Lei can be said that his original family in Xinjiang Automobile Works, responsible for car repairs. Contact throughout the day, where he is not the impact, like a broken car. "BMW and Mercedes-Benz has been how do, it is still not dilute the impact, the bus was rotten." Lei be able to feel that even the best car, as are the steel structure, once the external forces come, regardless of whether or not Zhuang Lan will be deformed. Lei can be puzzling, if not hit a bad car can be just fine.
Spring is not afraid to increase rubber shell hit
Think of sponges, soft rubber material can absorb external force; spring through external expansion slowed, Lei can be struck, the thought of soft material such as rubber shell vehicle to do that again in the spring to add structure of the vehicle. As a result, Lei plastic plates can be made car model, car chassis in addition to the following tires, but also equipped with two parallel vertical tailgate, with tailgate in the middle of spring, spring and both ends of the body's skeleton and the installation of a vertical Root vertical arc-shaped beam connections. When the subject before and after extrusion, under the car chassis of the spring will have played a role in resolving the external force.
In September 2005, Lei can own inventions to the State Intellectual Property Office for patent protection applications in November 22, 2006 the State Patent Office received a utility model patent, Patent No.: ZL2005200099831.
Experts say
However, new scientific ideas to be tested
"I think that once this new technology into mass production will bring enormous and incalculable value, this will be a revolution in car manufacturing." Lei finished their presentation in the car after the soft confidently said.
According to experts, to Lei's original design, but the force can bear Spring higher than the bumper, steel, is also a need for further scientific test and measurement. The car shell is said to thundering light energy into rubber, but also a series of experiments. However, experts also pointed out that Lei can patent the invention of the automobile manufacturers to provide a new way of thinking, has a market potential, but still requires a lot of research and development costs.
Mercedes-Benz, BMW still not hit
Lei education to middle school, Chongqing is now a car factory workers, be responsible for assembly work. Lei can be said that his original family in Xinjiang Automobile Works, responsible for car repairs. Contact throughout the day, where he is not the impact, like a broken car. "BMW and Mercedes-Benz has been how do, it is still not dilute the impact, the bus was rotten." Lei be able to feel that even the best car, as are the steel structure, once the external forces come, regardless of whether or not Zhuang Lan will be deformed. Lei can be puzzling, if not hit a bad car can be just fine.
Spring is not afraid to increase rubber shell hit
Think of sponges, soft rubber material can absorb external force; spring through external expansion slowed, Lei can be struck, the thought of soft material such as rubber shell vehicle to do that again in the spring to add structure of the vehicle. As a result, Lei plastic plates can be made car model, car chassis in addition to the following tires, but also equipped with two parallel vertical tailgate, with tailgate in the middle of spring, spring and both ends of the body's skeleton and the installation of a vertical Root vertical arc-shaped beam connections. When the subject before and after extrusion, under the car chassis of the spring will have played a role in resolving the external force.
In September 2005, Lei can own inventions to the State Intellectual Property Office for patent protection applications in November 22, 2006 the State Patent Office received a utility model patent, Patent No.: ZL2005200099831.
Experts say
However, new scientific ideas to be tested
"I think that once this new technology into mass production will bring enormous and incalculable value, this will be a revolution in car manufacturing." Lei finished their presentation in the car after the soft confidently said.
According to experts, to Lei's original design, but the force can bear Spring higher than the bumper, steel, is also a need for further scientific test and measurement. The car shell is said to thundering light energy into rubber, but also a series of experiments. However, experts also pointed out that Lei can patent the invention of the automobile manufacturers to provide a new way of thinking, has a market potential, but still requires a lot of research and development costs.
No chemical foaming agent or the production of silicone rubber sponge VOC new technologies
Silicone rubber sponge with the requirements for low-temperature flexibility, heat resistance, the resistance of UV, ozone resistance and good electrical insulation properties of occasions. In addition, sponge rubber has also lightweight, thermal insulation and damping characteristics. Now even more intense market competition, the product of the higher requirements, and dense rubber material, silicone rubber sponge because of its density, you can save the use of building materials in order to reduce production costs. Traditional silicon rubber material in the production of sponge rubber by adding chemical foaming agent, curing process, the high temperature decomposition of blowing agents, have a bubble, bubble wrapped in foam rubber in the form of the hole. These traditional foam may have a toxic by-products.
Has now developed a new type of silicone rubber closed-cell foam technology, can be used to replace the traditional reactive chemical blowing agents and volatile organic material (voc) as a foam sponge material processing technology. The new technology uses water as a sponge foam to form a homogeneous structure made of sponge hole, which can be used for food contact with the occasion. New technology sponge performance features are:
(1) back to the good flexibility;
(2) small compression permanent deformation;
(3) to reduce the production of sponge in the process of environmental control;
(4) reduced the requirements for ventilation systems;
(5) no bad smell;
(6) easily molded and extrusion;
(7) surface smooth, uniform;
(8) can be used for food contact with the occasion.
To join in the rubber additives or modifiers can enhance the performance of sponge products.
This article describes the advantages of the technology, performance, as well as the characteristics of Silastic sponge rubber processors and end-user benefits. Sponge rubber may be opening a can of obturator. Pore structure by opening up regional connectivity in the form of (opening) or decentralized structure of a single hole sponge decision. The use of silicone rubber foam can be made of the structure of opening, can also be made of closed-cell structure. This is the heat blowing agent after the formation of air bubbles and pore structure, also into the same reaction so that the rubber vulcanization cross-linked.
It was an overview of the performance of porous Cavernous and cost advantages. In addition to the low-pressure sealing, shape, density of small, light weight, the use of silicone rubber sponge has a wide temperature range (9, -60 ℃ to 250 ℃ under long-term, short-term can be 400 "C). And other rubber Sponge compared to its operating temperature range is very wide. Traditionally, the use of silicone rubber sponge peroxide curing systems and foam production, which will release some of the toxic foaming agent by-products. In some cases, can produce food-grade The silicone rubber sponge, these materials will be restrictions on the existence of technology and poor performance, including poor compression permanent deformation and high density.
New technologies with platinum sponge silicone rubber vulcanization (plus sulfide), blowing agent for water. This new technology can have a uniform pore structure, unscented sponge, the surface of the product uniformity, stability and processing conditions.
1 application
Silicone rubber sponge for a number of occasions. There are commonly used in the field of sealing gasket of the car, office equipment (copiers, printers and fax machines) of the cot. Food security requires access to material goods, including dishwasher and oven sealed with rice lunch box sealed. Silicone rubber sponge for the following occasions: solid rubber seal or with too much power and can not be used; low-density sponge rubber to reduce the cost of materials; need insulation, sponge rubber seals and irregular surfaces, including insulation materials, Sponge mats, foam board, sealing sponge, sponge rubber sponge roll out and profiles.
2 sponge technique
Traditionally, the silicone rubber sponge is to join the foam rubber chemical rubber production. In the heat of the rubber vulcanization process of decomposition of blowing agents, the release of gases (nitrogen is the most common) in the cross-linking rubber in the process of forming the cell. Peroxide curing high-viscosity silicone rubber sponge often used 2,2 - azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the nitrogen produced chemical blowing agent. Although uniformity and size of the hole, the technology generated by the structure of the sponge is satisfactory, but its main drawback is that will produce toxic by-products harmful to the environment tetracarboxylic butyrate nitrile II. In the rubber industry, people have been identified
This is an insight into the use of silicone rubber sponge important constraints, the need for a non-toxic in favor of environmentally friendly products. There are also low toxicity of the chemical foaming agent. V-nitroso second four-methylene (DNPT) and Azodicarbonamide (ADCA) are two low toxicity of foam, but they form a pore structure of the poor, and the physical properties of sponges Nor stability.
Recently, there have been reports of a manufacturer with a ceramic or organic material made of hollow fiber manufacturing technology of silicon rubber sponge. There is also a manufacturer of flexible coverage with a micro-pore structure made of spherical. However, Dow Corning's technology is based on sponge rubber-based silicone rubber. The new technology of water as a blowing agent, rather than chemical-based foam. In addition, the system uses a proprietary silicone rubber technology, contribute to the formation of water bubbles FAW, and eventually form a uniform pore structure of the rules. Heating, scattered in the silicone rubber matrix of water bubbles to form a uniform pore structure.
The new technology allows the use of temperature change in processing conditions to achieve an ideal expansion characteristics. Figure 1 show that the characteristics can be seen, curing / foam from 200 ℃ temperature rose to 250 ℃ lead to lower density and hardness of Asker.
The use of new technology can change the pore structure to a different volume expansion. So manufacturers can take advantage of curing / density foam to control the temperature. Figure 2 (slightly) compared with a new silicone rubber sponge technology and the traditional use of chemical foam sponge technology. New technology has a thin sponge rubber decentralized structure of the hole.
3 test data
New technology sponge rubber 3 components, which are HBES5000 sponge base, AMS-5000 curing agent and sponge AMS-5001 sponge surface modifier. Manufacturers the flexibility to choose the system can make use of these materials on their own mix of three materials can also be purchased directly from the Dow Corning rubber products. 3 kinds of materials which can be used alone, but also with other with the use of silicone rubber, the production of different density and different deformation of the plastic foam. In this way, factory production control formula is simple and flexible processing, production can meet the needs of different users a wide variety of sponge products.
Now a variety of industry norms for the classification and control of flexible foam products. This article on the new sponge material was tested, and several data and industrial regulate the widespread use of the data were compared to show that the new system with a sponge rubber processing industry to meet the common demands of flexibility. Table 1 Overview of the column can assess the effectiveness of this new silicone rubber sponge technology industry norms.
Table 2 lists the details of this new technology sponge test results with industry norms in front of the item compared. Table 3 lists the sponge rubber formula.
A formula is made up of three components of the system into line with; formula B is made up of three components of the system were 12.5 and dimethyl silicone rubber with material from (Shore A hardness of 70); formula consists of three C 25-component systems and dimethyl silicone rubber composition (Shore A hardness of 70).
After the samples out of sponges in the next 240 ℃ HTV 10min, and then in the 200 ℃ under the curing stage. The results show that for the simple formula can be adjusted so that the deformation of the norms to achieve the target. In addition, the front-density foam discussed with the sulfide / foam temperature, testing shows that the deformation can also be processed to regulate the temperature. This is possible because the new system used in addition to curing systems in a wide temperature range of vulcanized rubber materials. Therefore, through a simple formula to adjust the temperature and process control, manufacturers use Silastic sponge system to meet the requirements of a variety of sponges. Curing systems and water are tasteless foam, foam from a small hole and uniform, smooth surface is not tacky. 2 proper curing, the new sponge technique can be used for food-grade and low deformation (25 and 50 deformation) of the applications.
4 sponge processing
4.1 out
Processing standards can be used out of silicone rubber materials and products out of the sulfide processing equipment to the new technology sponge. At the end of the screw of the rubber temperature should be 25 ℃ ~ 50. C, so the recommendation to take appropriate cooling. Extrusion type should reflect the shape of the silicone rubber sponge material expansion of the line, with solid materials, inflation factor of 1.65 to 1.45 (as the curing conditions, expansion of 3.2 to 4.4 times).
Shape-based counterparts, need to be adjusted to compensate for:
(1) of solid material expansion of the type I (Figure 3);
(2) Corner area, as the heat transfer here soon, the expansion rate over a small part of the profile in a straight line (as I type on the convex surface profile when out for the face, see Figure 4).
Profile extrusion speed depends on the shape of the equipment as well as the processing capacity (the length of the channel sulfide and heat transfer efficiency).
4.2 vulcanization
Curing temperature depends largely on the use of heating equipment. The new technology sponge curing temperature than the traditional chemical foam sponge slightly higher. Curing temperature is higher the lower the density of the sponge. Curing temperature of the entrance channel should be higher than 210 C, this process can be a good sponge. Under the best conditions to profile the size, shape, thickness and curing the oven to determine the number and length.
4.3 molded sponge
Will be forming a good pre-blank plastic into molds, dies, we must leave enough room so that the expansion of the rubber, and fill the mold good shape. General measured by the test can be completely filled cavity in advance of the amount of plastic molding. Molded foam from the module density by mold shape. Recommended for die temperature 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the typical curing time for each mm thick 60s.
New processing Sponge technology has advantages: molding can be used and the process extrusion processing; sulfide addition is beneficial to the environment; the use of non-toxic foam to reduce the environmental pollution and damage to the health of their employees.
5 Conclusion
The new technology silicone rubber sponge in the non-use of chemical blowing agents, so it will not produce harmful by-product of decomposition. Water as a foaming agent, falsely claiming to vulcanized rubber vulcanization system profiles. Sponge technology has the following times:
(1) for contact with food occasions;
(2) in the process no smell;
(3) processing of ventilation do not ask for much;
(4) sponge fine and uniform pore structure;
(5) surface is not tacky;
(6) through a simple formula to adjust the temperature or processing will be able to control the characteristics of the sponge.
The article set out to achieve the flexibility and deformation, density and compression permanent deformation data processors to meet the major industrial applications for silicone rubber sponge. Silastic sponge is a 3-component system, and its processing flexibility, manufacturers can choose their own with the rubber mixture can also be directly provided by the company Dow Corning rubber products.
Has now developed a new type of silicone rubber closed-cell foam technology, can be used to replace the traditional reactive chemical blowing agents and volatile organic material (voc) as a foam sponge material processing technology. The new technology uses water as a sponge foam to form a homogeneous structure made of sponge hole, which can be used for food contact with the occasion. New technology sponge performance features are:
(1) back to the good flexibility;
(2) small compression permanent deformation;
(3) to reduce the production of sponge in the process of environmental control;
(4) reduced the requirements for ventilation systems;
(5) no bad smell;
(6) easily molded and extrusion;
(7) surface smooth, uniform;
(8) can be used for food contact with the occasion.
To join in the rubber additives or modifiers can enhance the performance of sponge products.
This article describes the advantages of the technology, performance, as well as the characteristics of Silastic sponge rubber processors and end-user benefits. Sponge rubber may be opening a can of obturator. Pore structure by opening up regional connectivity in the form of (opening) or decentralized structure of a single hole sponge decision. The use of silicone rubber foam can be made of the structure of opening, can also be made of closed-cell structure. This is the heat blowing agent after the formation of air bubbles and pore structure, also into the same reaction so that the rubber vulcanization cross-linked.
It was an overview of the performance of porous Cavernous and cost advantages. In addition to the low-pressure sealing, shape, density of small, light weight, the use of silicone rubber sponge has a wide temperature range (9, -60 ℃ to 250 ℃ under long-term, short-term can be 400 "C). And other rubber Sponge compared to its operating temperature range is very wide. Traditionally, the use of silicone rubber sponge peroxide curing systems and foam production, which will release some of the toxic foaming agent by-products. In some cases, can produce food-grade The silicone rubber sponge, these materials will be restrictions on the existence of technology and poor performance, including poor compression permanent deformation and high density.
New technologies with platinum sponge silicone rubber vulcanization (plus sulfide), blowing agent for water. This new technology can have a uniform pore structure, unscented sponge, the surface of the product uniformity, stability and processing conditions.
1 application
Silicone rubber sponge for a number of occasions. There are commonly used in the field of sealing gasket of the car, office equipment (copiers, printers and fax machines) of the cot. Food security requires access to material goods, including dishwasher and oven sealed with rice lunch box sealed. Silicone rubber sponge for the following occasions: solid rubber seal or with too much power and can not be used; low-density sponge rubber to reduce the cost of materials; need insulation, sponge rubber seals and irregular surfaces, including insulation materials, Sponge mats, foam board, sealing sponge, sponge rubber sponge roll out and profiles.
2 sponge technique
Traditionally, the silicone rubber sponge is to join the foam rubber chemical rubber production. In the heat of the rubber vulcanization process of decomposition of blowing agents, the release of gases (nitrogen is the most common) in the cross-linking rubber in the process of forming the cell. Peroxide curing high-viscosity silicone rubber sponge often used 2,2 - azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the nitrogen produced chemical blowing agent. Although uniformity and size of the hole, the technology generated by the structure of the sponge is satisfactory, but its main drawback is that will produce toxic by-products harmful to the environment tetracarboxylic butyrate nitrile II. In the rubber industry, people have been identified
This is an insight into the use of silicone rubber sponge important constraints, the need for a non-toxic in favor of environmentally friendly products. There are also low toxicity of the chemical foaming agent. V-nitroso second four-methylene (DNPT) and Azodicarbonamide (ADCA) are two low toxicity of foam, but they form a pore structure of the poor, and the physical properties of sponges Nor stability.
Recently, there have been reports of a manufacturer with a ceramic or organic material made of hollow fiber manufacturing technology of silicon rubber sponge. There is also a manufacturer of flexible coverage with a micro-pore structure made of spherical. However, Dow Corning's technology is based on sponge rubber-based silicone rubber. The new technology of water as a blowing agent, rather than chemical-based foam. In addition, the system uses a proprietary silicone rubber technology, contribute to the formation of water bubbles FAW, and eventually form a uniform pore structure of the rules. Heating, scattered in the silicone rubber matrix of water bubbles to form a uniform pore structure.
The new technology allows the use of temperature change in processing conditions to achieve an ideal expansion characteristics. Figure 1 show that the characteristics can be seen, curing / foam from 200 ℃ temperature rose to 250 ℃ lead to lower density and hardness of Asker.
The use of new technology can change the pore structure to a different volume expansion. So manufacturers can take advantage of curing / density foam to control the temperature. Figure 2 (slightly) compared with a new silicone rubber sponge technology and the traditional use of chemical foam sponge technology. New technology has a thin sponge rubber decentralized structure of the hole.
3 test data
New technology sponge rubber 3 components, which are HBES5000 sponge base, AMS-5000 curing agent and sponge AMS-5001 sponge surface modifier. Manufacturers the flexibility to choose the system can make use of these materials on their own mix of three materials can also be purchased directly from the Dow Corning rubber products. 3 kinds of materials which can be used alone, but also with other with the use of silicone rubber, the production of different density and different deformation of the plastic foam. In this way, factory production control formula is simple and flexible processing, production can meet the needs of different users a wide variety of sponge products.
Now a variety of industry norms for the classification and control of flexible foam products. This article on the new sponge material was tested, and several data and industrial regulate the widespread use of the data were compared to show that the new system with a sponge rubber processing industry to meet the common demands of flexibility. Table 1 Overview of the column can assess the effectiveness of this new silicone rubber sponge technology industry norms.
Table 2 lists the details of this new technology sponge test results with industry norms in front of the item compared. Table 3 lists the sponge rubber formula.
A formula is made up of three components of the system into line with; formula B is made up of three components of the system were 12.5 and dimethyl silicone rubber with material from (Shore A hardness of 70); formula consists of three C 25-component systems and dimethyl silicone rubber composition (Shore A hardness of 70).
After the samples out of sponges in the next 240 ℃ HTV 10min, and then in the 200 ℃ under the curing stage. The results show that for the simple formula can be adjusted so that the deformation of the norms to achieve the target. In addition, the front-density foam discussed with the sulfide / foam temperature, testing shows that the deformation can also be processed to regulate the temperature. This is possible because the new system used in addition to curing systems in a wide temperature range of vulcanized rubber materials. Therefore, through a simple formula to adjust the temperature and process control, manufacturers use Silastic sponge system to meet the requirements of a variety of sponges. Curing systems and water are tasteless foam, foam from a small hole and uniform, smooth surface is not tacky. 2 proper curing, the new sponge technique can be used for food-grade and low deformation (25 and 50 deformation) of the applications.
4 sponge processing
4.1 out
Processing standards can be used out of silicone rubber materials and products out of the sulfide processing equipment to the new technology sponge. At the end of the screw of the rubber temperature should be 25 ℃ ~ 50. C, so the recommendation to take appropriate cooling. Extrusion type should reflect the shape of the silicone rubber sponge material expansion of the line, with solid materials, inflation factor of 1.65 to 1.45 (as the curing conditions, expansion of 3.2 to 4.4 times).
Shape-based counterparts, need to be adjusted to compensate for:
(1) of solid material expansion of the type I (Figure 3);
(2) Corner area, as the heat transfer here soon, the expansion rate over a small part of the profile in a straight line (as I type on the convex surface profile when out for the face, see Figure 4).
Profile extrusion speed depends on the shape of the equipment as well as the processing capacity (the length of the channel sulfide and heat transfer efficiency).
4.2 vulcanization
Curing temperature depends largely on the use of heating equipment. The new technology sponge curing temperature than the traditional chemical foam sponge slightly higher. Curing temperature is higher the lower the density of the sponge. Curing temperature of the entrance channel should be higher than 210 C, this process can be a good sponge. Under the best conditions to profile the size, shape, thickness and curing the oven to determine the number and length.
4.3 molded sponge
Will be forming a good pre-blank plastic into molds, dies, we must leave enough room so that the expansion of the rubber, and fill the mold good shape. General measured by the test can be completely filled cavity in advance of the amount of plastic molding. Molded foam from the module density by mold shape. Recommended for die temperature 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the typical curing time for each mm thick 60s.
New processing Sponge technology has advantages: molding can be used and the process extrusion processing; sulfide addition is beneficial to the environment; the use of non-toxic foam to reduce the environmental pollution and damage to the health of their employees.
5 Conclusion
The new technology silicone rubber sponge in the non-use of chemical blowing agents, so it will not produce harmful by-product of decomposition. Water as a foaming agent, falsely claiming to vulcanized rubber vulcanization system profiles. Sponge technology has the following times:
(1) for contact with food occasions;
(2) in the process no smell;
(3) processing of ventilation do not ask for much;
(4) sponge fine and uniform pore structure;
(5) surface is not tacky;
(6) through a simple formula to adjust the temperature or processing will be able to control the characteristics of the sponge.
The article set out to achieve the flexibility and deformation, density and compression permanent deformation data processors to meet the major industrial applications for silicone rubber sponge. Silastic sponge is a 3-component system, and its processing flexibility, manufacturers can choose their own with the rubber mixture can also be directly provided by the company Dow Corning rubber products.
Automotive rubber bearings injection mold design
1. Automotive rubber bearings of the key parts of the product and technical requirements
Rubber products, automotive bearings, the product requirements of the correct location of the skeleton, the compact nature of the product is good, solid frame with rubber adhesive. The appearance of good quality products, while less plastic.
Size 6mm gap in the product to install and use a certain section of the Tight quantifiers, product installation and use of better performance. On the skeleton so that the hole in wall when vulcanized rubber filled with full, dense and good.
2. Die Structural Analysis
The product of mold in the the top institutions on the production of injection machine, mold covered the template, in Moban were fixed through article linked in the press, on the next bracket; core fixed mold plate in the press under the heating plate On. Die die in the state through the injection machine into the plastic injection pressure, so that the production of plastic products, while small, dense product, quality and appearance of dimensional accuracy have been fully guaranteed.
3. Mold process
Die, Die to open first half, mold covered the template in the template were to fly in the press, on the next bracket; core module and the board at the end of a fixed template with the press under the heating plate to the press together with the introduction of the top-right Out of position. Placed skeleton, the skeleton A gap through its core and bumped die on the site location; skeleton B, C, D and through its outer mold cavity position at the end of the model. Core module will be fixed by the end of the template with the board and press together under the heating plate into the press, with a pressure-mode sulfide.
Open mode, with the press die under the heat of the board declined to build a template in the template were flying open and the press in the upper and lower bracket, the core module and the board at the end of a fixed template with the press together under the decline in heating plate in place After the introduction of the right to press a top position. Top start-up device, at the end of templates mandrel to the top, so that the core products and extrusion die, remove the product. Remove mold residue on the plastic side, a top-tenths of a device, a top-board devices under pressure for a grand finale to force back at the end of the template, then work to complete a cycle.
4. Gating system design
The larger size, the need for more rubber. To this end, the gating system design is reasonable or not the product of the compact, the quality of the appearance of a greater influence. Gating system design covered in the design template, a short distance runner, 8-hole plastic injection products in the Notes client directly on the surface, the resistance of small plastic injection, rubber easily filled cavity.
Experience has shown that the hole diameter plastic injection products in the choice of ∮ 2 - ∮ 3mm more appropriate. Plastic injection hole is too small, slow into the plastic, rubber can not be filled cavity. Plastic injection hole is too large, plastic injection products in the hole more tear marks.
The compact die, reasonable, simple, crisp, safe and reliable operation, convenient and quick. Working in small labor intensity, the rate of qualified products, curing time is short. To overcome the flat-curing presses operation cumbersome, unwieldy, workers labor-intensive, low productivity shortcomings. Production efficiency and greatly increased the rate of qualified products.
Rubber products, automotive bearings, the product requirements of the correct location of the skeleton, the compact nature of the product is good, solid frame with rubber adhesive. The appearance of good quality products, while less plastic.
Size 6mm gap in the product to install and use a certain section of the Tight quantifiers, product installation and use of better performance. On the skeleton so that the hole in wall when vulcanized rubber filled with full, dense and good.
2. Die Structural Analysis
The product of mold in the the top institutions on the production of injection machine, mold covered the template, in Moban were fixed through article linked in the press, on the next bracket; core fixed mold plate in the press under the heating plate On. Die die in the state through the injection machine into the plastic injection pressure, so that the production of plastic products, while small, dense product, quality and appearance of dimensional accuracy have been fully guaranteed.
3. Mold process
Die, Die to open first half, mold covered the template in the template were to fly in the press, on the next bracket; core module and the board at the end of a fixed template with the press under the heating plate to the press together with the introduction of the top-right Out of position. Placed skeleton, the skeleton A gap through its core and bumped die on the site location; skeleton B, C, D and through its outer mold cavity position at the end of the model. Core module will be fixed by the end of the template with the board and press together under the heating plate into the press, with a pressure-mode sulfide.
Open mode, with the press die under the heat of the board declined to build a template in the template were flying open and the press in the upper and lower bracket, the core module and the board at the end of a fixed template with the press together under the decline in heating plate in place After the introduction of the right to press a top position. Top start-up device, at the end of templates mandrel to the top, so that the core products and extrusion die, remove the product. Remove mold residue on the plastic side, a top-tenths of a device, a top-board devices under pressure for a grand finale to force back at the end of the template, then work to complete a cycle.
4. Gating system design
The larger size, the need for more rubber. To this end, the gating system design is reasonable or not the product of the compact, the quality of the appearance of a greater influence. Gating system design covered in the design template, a short distance runner, 8-hole plastic injection products in the Notes client directly on the surface, the resistance of small plastic injection, rubber easily filled cavity.
Experience has shown that the hole diameter plastic injection products in the choice of ∮ 2 - ∮ 3mm more appropriate. Plastic injection hole is too small, slow into the plastic, rubber can not be filled cavity. Plastic injection hole is too large, plastic injection products in the hole more tear marks.
The compact die, reasonable, simple, crisp, safe and reliable operation, convenient and quick. Working in small labor intensity, the rate of qualified products, curing time is short. To overcome the flat-curing presses operation cumbersome, unwieldy, workers labor-intensive, low productivity shortcomings. Production efficiency and greatly increased the rate of qualified products.
Intelligent electronic four-wheel TPMS Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Intelligent electronic smart four-wheel TPMS Tire Pressure Monitoring System involved in the use of effective protection of driving safety. In the four tires on the assembly and are equipped with sensors, sensing and radio waves to detect the level of tire pressure, tire pressure too low to display warning messages through the DIC, the warning lights are too low Qiliang, that one or more tire Lack of pressure in order to be able to rise early in the driver's attention.
Fly-rubber reinforcing agent (XRF)
Fly isolated glass beads to fill polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can improve performance and reduce costs. But the fly in the application of rubber in the less, particularly in the non-reinforced rubber of the application or blank. Beijing University of Chemical Technology-to-date development of a fly to the main material for a new type of rubber reinforcing agent (XR F) in Beijing Plant production of rubber products in the application. After a large number of experiments have proved that a new type of rubber reinforcing agent (XRF) in natural rubber, synthetic rubber (SBR, NBR, EPDM, neoprene, and so on) in the full application performance to reach the semi-equal alternative to fill The strong level of carbon (carbon black reinforcement and a half years, the country's consumption of 4 00,000 tons). The technology not only to resolve a large number of fly ash piled up the environmental pollution and conservation of resources made a significant contribution.
Rubber-reinforced plastic filler
Polyolefin plastic used for the matrix and heavy CaCO3 powder, calcium and magnesium powder and a variety of high-performance surfactants, multi-layer coating technology to produce high-performance rubber reinforcing filler, rubber-reinforced plastic filler has a good flow Sex. The rubber reinforcing filler can be filled at a high volume of applications next to the main natural rubber for the rubber of a variety of miscellaneous pieces of rubber products, such as the Triangle of rubber, rubber seals, rubber rollers, rubber lining, rubber tubes, Rubber Board.
Kumho example of cutting-edge technology: Tire wear-born
Kumho uses cutting-edge technology to grow ESCOT uniform design theory, the tires will be traveling to maximize performance. Chi-resistant special, carefully developed by Kumho Tire wear-born Heng Kong.
Characteristics of the pattern
1, the direction of travel of four straight groove pattern design
Can greatly improve the drainage of tire performance, and can effectively prevent slipping wetlands, to ensure the safety of driving rain.
2, the central milk linear pattern tread groove design to ensure that the wetlands in the road when a high-speed stability and drainage performance.
3, fetal position shoulder block pattern design
Shoulder in the fetal position in the order of the area and rigidity of the uniform pattern pieces so that the ground tires to maximize the area to increase tire grip of turning a corner. Allows you to easily control the experience of driving pleasure.
4, the best block pattern design
Block pattern by adjusting the stiffness to improve wear resistance and reduce noise.
5, a small trench and the density of arrangement
The design and to maximize the braking force between the road and driving force.
Structural characteristics:
1. Europe and the United States used special materials to enhance the driving force and automatic, especially driving rain tires to ensure security.
2. Flexible application of high-level and seamless steel wire cord, to ensure that a high-speed stability.
3. Kumho use ESCOT of-the-art technology, the best distribution side of the tire cord tension greatly enhance the maneuverability and comfort.
4. Triangular plastic parts using a special super-hard filler, and the special structure and enhance its performance and high-speed turning a corner of lateral grip.
5, the structure and use of special materials to enhance the carrying capacity of the tire and the road to the maximum absorption of vibration.
Characteristics of the pattern
1, the direction of travel of four straight groove pattern design
Can greatly improve the drainage of tire performance, and can effectively prevent slipping wetlands, to ensure the safety of driving rain.
2, the central milk linear pattern tread groove design to ensure that the wetlands in the road when a high-speed stability and drainage performance.
3, fetal position shoulder block pattern design
Shoulder in the fetal position in the order of the area and rigidity of the uniform pattern pieces so that the ground tires to maximize the area to increase tire grip of turning a corner. Allows you to easily control the experience of driving pleasure.
4, the best block pattern design
Block pattern by adjusting the stiffness to improve wear resistance and reduce noise.
5, a small trench and the density of arrangement
The design and to maximize the braking force between the road and driving force.
Structural characteristics:
1. Europe and the United States used special materials to enhance the driving force and automatic, especially driving rain tires to ensure security.
2. Flexible application of high-level and seamless steel wire cord, to ensure that a high-speed stability.
3. Kumho use ESCOT of-the-art technology, the best distribution side of the tire cord tension greatly enhance the maneuverability and comfort.
4. Triangular plastic parts using a special super-hard filler, and the special structure and enhance its performance and high-speed turning a corner of lateral grip.
5, the structure and use of special materials to enhance the carrying capacity of the tire and the road to the maximum absorption of vibration.
Michelin's new generation of temperature and pressure testing RFID tire
Most of the daily life of urban residents will be dependent on the basis of a number of public facilities, such as garbage collection, schools and public transportation, and so on. These services provide the basis of the relevant government departments and companies must invest enough vehicles. If the school bus driver in the morning, there have been found in the vehicle tire leak, then it is likely that he will not be able to start on time delivery of the day-to-day work. For refuse collection and parcel couriers, the same situation there.
Five years ago, Michelin North America opened a branch system, through the system, the car automatically detects the tire air pressure. This eTire air pressure and asset monitoring system used passive RFID tags and labels associated with the pressure and temperature sensors. These sensors installed in the tire wall, can be installed in a garage near the entry, on the ground near the antenna to read, but also by the maintenance staff hand-held reader for reading.
eTire II system is characterized by: RFID tags of light equivalent to the size of shirt buttons, the sensor module in the vehicle at high speed and stable operation when there is no cause for tire imbalance.
Maintain air pressure in the wheel of a suitable vehicle to ensure not only the extent of the normal traffic, but also to save fuel, because inflatable wheel is low, vehicles consume more fuel.
ETire the first system in 2002, provided by TI, the system including the use of TI's proprietary air interface protocol passive, low-frequency RFID tags. Label itself has been integrated into the capacitive MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems, MEMS), as a means of pressure and temperature sensors. This relatively bulky labels, the size of a credit equivalent to 5-6 Zhang stacked together. As the labels are pasted on the wall in the tires, Michelin is therefore recommended the vehicle speed is less than 50 meters in the United Kingdom / hour. When driving over the speed limit, the sensor module might not function properly, its weight can also lead to uneven tire rotation.
Michelin is now using a second-generation eTire system eTire II, the label Dimension only equivalent to the size of shirt buttons, sensing module in the high-speed vehicle operation will not be under any tire imbalance. Second-generation eTire sensing module integrates temperature and pressure sensors, but also an ultra-high frequency, in line with ISO 18000-6b standard RFID inlays.
Like the first generation of sensing module, the second generation of sensing modules are attached to the tires on the wall. Once the device was powerful paste agent attached to the tire, it can not be removed or re-used for another tire on. In addition to the pressure on the track, the track temperature is also very important. Through the removal of the pressure caused by cold air to reduce the volume of traffic management can be more accurate pressure data, tire more quickly identify the minor cracks.
Other tire pressure monitoring system is usually applied to the edge of the tire, but it will lead to the edge of the tire overheating and affect the accuracy of the reading.
ETire the use of modules also own vehicles equipped with a UHF tags, placed in the rear bumper of the vehicle, the vehicle identification as a logo. The sensor module ID, ID tags and trucks, corresponding to each other. Each ID label tires, tires with the corresponding position, Ruzuo front wheel and so on.
Every day, read by the reader module eTire data, and data transfer to a running software on the Internet BibTrack. With this software, managers can be the vehicle for a number of vehicles parking and terminal monitor the leakage often find the tires.
The new sensor module price has not been determined, is the first generation module sales price is $ 25 each.
Five years ago, Michelin North America opened a branch system, through the system, the car automatically detects the tire air pressure. This eTire air pressure and asset monitoring system used passive RFID tags and labels associated with the pressure and temperature sensors. These sensors installed in the tire wall, can be installed in a garage near the entry, on the ground near the antenna to read, but also by the maintenance staff hand-held reader for reading.
eTire II system is characterized by: RFID tags of light equivalent to the size of shirt buttons, the sensor module in the vehicle at high speed and stable operation when there is no cause for tire imbalance.
Maintain air pressure in the wheel of a suitable vehicle to ensure not only the extent of the normal traffic, but also to save fuel, because inflatable wheel is low, vehicles consume more fuel.
ETire the first system in 2002, provided by TI, the system including the use of TI's proprietary air interface protocol passive, low-frequency RFID tags. Label itself has been integrated into the capacitive MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems, MEMS), as a means of pressure and temperature sensors. This relatively bulky labels, the size of a credit equivalent to 5-6 Zhang stacked together. As the labels are pasted on the wall in the tires, Michelin is therefore recommended the vehicle speed is less than 50 meters in the United Kingdom / hour. When driving over the speed limit, the sensor module might not function properly, its weight can also lead to uneven tire rotation.
Michelin is now using a second-generation eTire system eTire II, the label Dimension only equivalent to the size of shirt buttons, sensing module in the high-speed vehicle operation will not be under any tire imbalance. Second-generation eTire sensing module integrates temperature and pressure sensors, but also an ultra-high frequency, in line with ISO 18000-6b standard RFID inlays.
Like the first generation of sensing module, the second generation of sensing modules are attached to the tires on the wall. Once the device was powerful paste agent attached to the tire, it can not be removed or re-used for another tire on. In addition to the pressure on the track, the track temperature is also very important. Through the removal of the pressure caused by cold air to reduce the volume of traffic management can be more accurate pressure data, tire more quickly identify the minor cracks.
Other tire pressure monitoring system is usually applied to the edge of the tire, but it will lead to the edge of the tire overheating and affect the accuracy of the reading.
ETire the use of modules also own vehicles equipped with a UHF tags, placed in the rear bumper of the vehicle, the vehicle identification as a logo. The sensor module ID, ID tags and trucks, corresponding to each other. Each ID label tires, tires with the corresponding position, Ruzuo front wheel and so on.
Every day, read by the reader module eTire data, and data transfer to a running software on the Internet BibTrack. With this software, managers can be the vehicle for a number of vehicles parking and terminal monitor the leakage often find the tires.
The new sensor module price has not been determined, is the first generation module sales price is $ 25 each.
Vulcanized thermoplastic rubber vulcanization preparation of the whole dynamic of the successful development of technology
Preparation of high-performance TPV Technology is the key to "dynamic full-curing technology," It is a complex response to the difficult process technology, the world's only U.S. company AES Corporation and the Netherlands, DSM and a small number of companies to master the advanced technology. The study on domestic technology for 20 years, Beijing University of Chemical Technology in 2001 and technology has made a major breakthrough in technology, and 2 years later with the Shandong Dawn Group Co., Ltd. to cooperate in the establishment of the first with independent intellectual property rights Kiloton of high-performance TPV dynamic all-curing technology for industrial production lines.
The main project of this technology: (1) put forward a full pre-dispersion - the whole dynamic vulcanized TPV Technology Preparation methods, the development of high-temperature pre-mixed rubber, with a large number of low-temperature premixed agent, the whole dynamic of high temperature curing process technology to link up the preparation, To achieve a variety of forms of blending components, high-filling blends (in terms of rubber-phase) of the uniform mixture of fine dispersed with rubber vulcanization and the whole dynamic broken, and then realized the industrialization of TPV preparation. (2) put forward for industrial production of TPV twin-screw reactor design parameters, combined with unique blends designed to address the sulfide Dynamic Response refractory, vulcanized rubber and broken the speed of difficult matches and so on, a breakthrough in the dynamics of All-curing technology industrialization of the most crucial technology. (3) the rubber with a broken as the effect of TPV with the important principles of design, and then through the use of special rubber system, curing systems, reinforcing filler system, to soften plasticized system to be realized, the formation of a series of high-performance TPV Special formula. (4) Research Institute found that the use of the continuous phase of the TPV can be plasticized and capacity, the development of low hardness (Shore 38A), high flexibility and high mobility of a new type of TPV Technology.
The project production line has been steadily producing different grades of hardness (Shore 38 A-50D) of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) / polypropylene (PP) TPV products, the performance of AES Corporation of the United States to achieve the level of similar products. Experts, the technical level to reach the international advanced level.
The production line can be in a production value of 100,000,000 yuan. Has been At present, the production and sale of the TPV products 2150t, the additional output value of 64,000,000 yuan, 26,460,000 yuan of profits to add new revenue 9,600,000 yuan, and exports 350,000 U.S. dollars, the market was well received. The technology filled the gap, breaking the monopoly of international and domestic changes in the demand for TPV totally dependent on imports of the situation, with very significant social and economic benefits.
The main project of this technology: (1) put forward a full pre-dispersion - the whole dynamic vulcanized TPV Technology Preparation methods, the development of high-temperature pre-mixed rubber, with a large number of low-temperature premixed agent, the whole dynamic of high temperature curing process technology to link up the preparation, To achieve a variety of forms of blending components, high-filling blends (in terms of rubber-phase) of the uniform mixture of fine dispersed with rubber vulcanization and the whole dynamic broken, and then realized the industrialization of TPV preparation. (2) put forward for industrial production of TPV twin-screw reactor design parameters, combined with unique blends designed to address the sulfide Dynamic Response refractory, vulcanized rubber and broken the speed of difficult matches and so on, a breakthrough in the dynamics of All-curing technology industrialization of the most crucial technology. (3) the rubber with a broken as the effect of TPV with the important principles of design, and then through the use of special rubber system, curing systems, reinforcing filler system, to soften plasticized system to be realized, the formation of a series of high-performance TPV Special formula. (4) Research Institute found that the use of the continuous phase of the TPV can be plasticized and capacity, the development of low hardness (Shore 38A), high flexibility and high mobility of a new type of TPV Technology.
The project production line has been steadily producing different grades of hardness (Shore 38 A-50D) of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) / polypropylene (PP) TPV products, the performance of AES Corporation of the United States to achieve the level of similar products. Experts, the technical level to reach the international advanced level.
The production line can be in a production value of 100,000,000 yuan. Has been At present, the production and sale of the TPV products 2150t, the additional output value of 64,000,000 yuan, 26,460,000 yuan of profits to add new revenue 9,600,000 yuan, and exports 350,000 U.S. dollars, the market was well received. The technology filled the gap, breaking the monopoly of international and domestic changes in the demand for TPV totally dependent on imports of the situation, with very significant social and economic benefits.
Myanmar Tenasserim Division production of rubber exported to China and Malaysia
Myanmar, according to reports from the Commerce Department said Burma's Tenasserim Division produced rubber export to China and Malaysia, rubber plantation in Tenasserim Division with a total area of 140,000 acres, is planning to expand the acreage to 200,000 Acres, every acre of rubber tapping an average output of 465.54 pounds, the total output of about 17,052 tons. However, in Tenasserim Division of the old Dan region only a private crude rubber processing plant, the processed rubber all the way through the border trade and other exports to China and Malaysia.
F1 announced new rules in 2007: a single tire put more emphasis on safety factor
The new F1 season, there are more than three months before the official opening of the recently revised the FIA has been the practice next year some of the rules, including tire suppliers, the use of the engine rules, there's a big change.
A single tire supplier
From 2007 to the beginning of the season in 2010, Bridgestone will be the only F1 race tire supplier. In each Grand Prix weekend, Bridgestone will provide each driver corresponding to the 14 sets of tires, 4 sets of practice for Friday's game, while the remaining 10 were for the weekend qualifying and the race.
Testing restrictions agreement
Under the agreement, by 2008, all teams with a total length of the test shall not be more than 30,000 km. The aim is to make the team more science budget. However, because of Renault voted against the agreement, they test the standard was set at the 50,000 km.
Restrictions on engine speed
07 from the beginning of the season, the performance of the new V8 engine to replace the traditional V10 engine into the F1 teams is the sole legal engine. At the same time, new rules also limit the engine speed of each car's engine has been limited to 10,009 per minute to below a thousand.
The use of engine rule
Each of the two stations using the same engine regulations will continue. However, the specific time of the season compared to 06 a certain change. The teams were asked to only in Saturday's qualifying session and Sunday's race is provided for the use of the engine in Friday's practice session is not requested. It is also to a certain extent, also extended the life of the engine.
Changes in the rules of match practice
In order to promote the team into the game faster-paced and more timely detection of car, Friday free practice time of two hours in the past will be extended to the current three hours. Each team can be allowed a maximum of two car into practice, each team can be sent to participate in a test driver.
Law enforcement-scale change
Competition Organizing Committee will be strictly out of the car safety record and can be punished under the specific circumstances of non-drivers. If a driver seriously affect the other people's race, organizers of the race in addition to time and to punish violators accomplishments, but also to further other appropriate punishment.
Safety rules change
Safety rules will be further refined, in particular: The car must be more stringent anti-crash tests; car global position system will use a more sophisticated approach to avoid accidents on the track with drivers such as harm And so on.
A single tire supplier
From 2007 to the beginning of the season in 2010, Bridgestone will be the only F1 race tire supplier. In each Grand Prix weekend, Bridgestone will provide each driver corresponding to the 14 sets of tires, 4 sets of practice for Friday's game, while the remaining 10 were for the weekend qualifying and the race.
Testing restrictions agreement
Under the agreement, by 2008, all teams with a total length of the test shall not be more than 30,000 km. The aim is to make the team more science budget. However, because of Renault voted against the agreement, they test the standard was set at the 50,000 km.
Restrictions on engine speed
07 from the beginning of the season, the performance of the new V8 engine to replace the traditional V10 engine into the F1 teams is the sole legal engine. At the same time, new rules also limit the engine speed of each car's engine has been limited to 10,009 per minute to below a thousand.
The use of engine rule
Each of the two stations using the same engine regulations will continue. However, the specific time of the season compared to 06 a certain change. The teams were asked to only in Saturday's qualifying session and Sunday's race is provided for the use of the engine in Friday's practice session is not requested. It is also to a certain extent, also extended the life of the engine.
Changes in the rules of match practice
In order to promote the team into the game faster-paced and more timely detection of car, Friday free practice time of two hours in the past will be extended to the current three hours. Each team can be allowed a maximum of two car into practice, each team can be sent to participate in a test driver.
Law enforcement-scale change
Competition Organizing Committee will be strictly out of the car safety record and can be punished under the specific circumstances of non-drivers. If a driver seriously affect the other people's race, organizers of the race in addition to time and to punish violators accomplishments, but also to further other appropriate punishment.
Safety rules change
Safety rules will be further refined, in particular: The car must be more stringent anti-crash tests; car global position system will use a more sophisticated approach to avoid accidents on the track with drivers such as harm And so on.
Tire rubber chemicals used in the production of "green" alternatives
Tire as a polymer, carbon black and the skeleton of the main material for the production of composite products during the manufacturing process using a large number of chemical products as rubber chemicals, to achieve the performance they require. According to rough statistics, the production of rubber tires in the formula commonly used in a variety of rubber chemicals as many as dozens of varieties, many of whom belong to a certain agent of the toxic organic chemicals. As a result, the production of tires in a variety of rubber chemicals poison the problem is getting people's attention. China enacted the "Cleaner Production Promotion Law" was on January 1, 2003 started implementation in accordance with its definition of cleaner production is a "source reduction and pollution prevention" as the main features of environmental strategies, environmental protection is by passive Active Control response to a fundamental change is the product of the entire life cycle of the implementation of pollution prevention and control of a production. Accordingly, the tire manufacturer conscious obligation to reduce toxic and harmful use of the rubber chemicals, and use poison relatively small, and even non-toxic variety of additives, in the tire production process until the tire in the process of reducing the use of the environment and endanger personnel . Similarly, the agent for the manufacturer has a similar requirement, that is, use of green technology, development and production of drug-free safe (low toxicity) of the rubber chemicals products.
At present, can cause acute poisoning of the rubber chemicals in the production of tires has put an end to the basic, the main problems is that there is still a considerable number of auxiliaries who can operate the existence of chronic, toxic accumulation of dangerous or potentially harmful to the environment, such as Some of the long-term exposure to cancer-causing agent would be dangerous, and so on. Based on the relevant literature, with emphasis on the production of tires in the area frequently used by some of the poison were rubber chemicals, to list its non-toxic (low) alternatives, that is, "green" alternatives.
1 Antioxidant
Tires used in the production of more toxic antioxidant mainly naphthylamine antioxidant, there are varieties of the main N-α naphthylamine (antioxidant A) and N-β naphthylamine (antioxidant D), this type of antioxidant Has a clear cancer-causing toxic problems in developed countries and regions have long been banned, the largest domestic tire companies have been suspended. However, such antioxidant easy to get raw materials, production process simple, inexpensive and good results for their retirement, there are still many small businesses will tire of its use as a major antioxidant species. These small tire factory because of poor working conditions and protection of health workers to cause more damage. At present, the tire ripe old age of increasingly unified system, using tire antioxidant 4010NA + RD + paraffin, used tire antioxidant 4020 + RD + microcrystalline wax can achieve the desired effect of the comprehensive protection of these systems are old age The low toxicity. So naphthylamine antioxidant is not a substitute for the technical problems and the root causes of their economic. Only the country banned the use of production will continue to put an end to their harm.
2 promoter
Commonly used in tire production promoters are times Sulfonamide promoter and promoter thiazoles. Thiazoles promoter general non-toxic, but the scorch time is short, the curing rate of Pianman the characteristics of the decision in the production of tires in the second as the main promoter, the actual amount of smaller, the main varieties of applications for the promoter and M Accelerator DM. Sulfonamide time promoter of its security processing, fast curing and mechanical properties of high-performance tire production occupied by the first promoter of the species, common species, including promoter MBS (NOBS), TBBS (NS) , CBS (CZ) and DCBS (DZ), and so on, in these species, the promoter MBS is able to produce varieties of nitrosamines, which have been nitrosamines that are cancer-causing effects of the material. Western developed countries and regions in the tires the company has stopped promoting the application of the agent varieties, and domestic production of tires are still widely used varieties of the promoter. MBS can TBBS + CTP (anti-coke agent) or to replace CBS + CTP to achieve similar results, particularly in the TBBS + CTP substitute for good results in the burning coke, speed and vulcanized rubber mold of the quantity can be very close to . In addition, FLEXSYS developed at the N-methyl-type accelerator TBSI species belonging to the non-toxic varieties of nitrosamines, but also can replace the basic (or TBBS and alternative) MBS, and get better performance and scorch anti-reversion The original results, particularly suitable for wire bonding rubber formulations used. At present, the production of replacement tires in the MBS there is a major obstacle may be the cost and use of the habit. With the safety of people believe that the gradual strengthening of environmental awareness, MBS will be gradually to replace. Often used in tire production and a small amount of Accelerator thiuram category as a second accelerator, commonly used species for the four-disulfide-Autumn Lamb (TMTD). The product is able to produce nitrosamines, can be safe disulfide four benzyl Autumn Lamb (TBZTD) to replace, with the exception of the nitrosamines to resolve the problems, but also to make rubber for better security and scorch Anti-reversion of the original performance, particularly suitable for filling a large number of fetal crown silica gel formulation used.
3 sulfur donor
Sulfur in the donor, often used in tire production is the variety of morphine-Dithio (DTDM). It also can produce material nitrosamines, as the curing agent can not use poison Nitrosamine of alkyl phenol disulfide or sulfide (such as ATOFINA's VULTAC5, VULTAC710), and other species to replace, alkyl Phenol sulfide sulfur donor scorch safety of high polymer in a variety of high solubility, and in the use of plastic in a more even distribution, which can be achieved with a total of vulcanized rubber better, you can make more vulcanizate Good mechanical properties, as well as to improve the heat-resistant rubber aging properties. Such products is particularly suited to different polarity of the rubber and systems, such as the NR / XIIR and the sealing layer of plastic, white sidewall rubber, and so on. To improve the dynamics of heat and anti-reversion of semi-effective in curing systems, DTDM can double (3 triethoxysilane propyl) four-sulfide (that is, Si 69) as a silane coupling agent sulfur donor to achieve similar . If the main anti-reversion from the point of view, but also with anti-reversion agent, such as two-Ning of 1,3-N-bran) benzene (Perkalink900), hexamethylene-1 ,6 double thiosulfate II Second, sodium hydrate (DuralinkHTS), and other alternatives to achieve a similar effect, currently have such anti-reversion agent production.
4 bonding agent system with
In the current tire reinforcing materials used in the production of rubber adhesive is the most widely between a (white) direct bonding system, widely used for the body to accept methylene resorcinol. Resorcinol is a poison more additives in the rubber mixing process when the temperature exceeds 110 ℃ sublimated that produce toxic smoke began to stimulate the human respiratory tract mucosa. Resorcinol to improve its products - formaldehyde resin solved the problem, such products have INDSPEC's PenacoliteB 20 S, domestic products such as RF 90. Due to these products have a lower content of free resorcinol, in actual use has not feel the existence of smoke resorcinol, to improve the production environment, marked by the elimination of the poison resorcinol. Between a (white) adhesive system to give methylene-hydroxymethyl six commonly used melamine Wujia ether (HMMM) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), HMT because the adhesive resins responses generated during The release of toxic formaldehyde and sulfide poisoning caused by workers, can be used to replace HMMM to avoid poisoning. HMMM because as a viscous liquid at room temperature, to weigh the inconvenience brought about by the operation, currently used by the absorption of silica containing 65% HMMM products, that is, adhesive RA.
5 processing aid category
Plastic solution B is the agent of the processing aid used in natural rubber mainly to the large-capacity high-speed mixing process, an essential ingredient, the active ingredient for the five-thiophenol, suspected toxic. At present, the typical non-toxic substitute for the metal chelate containing organic compound processing aid, such chemical additives can also speed up the chain of broken rubber to rubber on the high-temperature plastic solution. It should be noted that a foreign agent for the plastic solution of 2,2-diphenyl-dibenzoyl disulfide (DBD), there are at a high temperature solution of high-performance plastic effects, such as Bayer developed Renacit11/WG, which is plastic Xie agent DBD, the active agent and wax mixture, in the open chain and can be used in the mixer. High aromatic oil as a mineral oil in the production of tires to replace a number of vegetable oil (such as pine tar) has been widely used, with the potential toxicity of its in-depth study, to Europe and began to study the use of tires with oil-free operation. At present, domestic alternative to products for the oil-ring. The rubber products and the compatibility and mechanical properties are better able to meet the requirements of tire products. These are just introduced the tires used in the production of certain rubber chemicals and poison the "green" alternatives. At present, the rubber chemicals toxic to people's awareness of the problem of reunification step by step. This is the developed countries have done a lot of work, and in the actual production of rubber chemicals have poisoned the work is less than satisfactory alternative, particularly in the domestic tire manufacturers. This status quo is the key to economic interests. The country has not banned, the only manufacturer of self-conscious awareness is difficult to stop production, the use of simple technology, lower prices, more toxic varieties of rubber chemicals. As a rubber chemicals producers should pay close attention to the country's policies and activities in a timely manner to master the development trend of rubber chemicals, rubber chemicals do a good job in environmental protection products and improve production technology in order to avoid compulsory national policy following the introduction of products caused by varieties of adjustment The difficult to sustain.
It should be noted that due to different tire production different formula, a variety of additives to replace the actual volume of tests to determine the need, can not be generalized. In fact, the production of tires used in most of the rubber chemicals toxicity is the existence of "drug-free" is a relative concept. This requires the production of tires in the widespread use of non-toxic or low toxicity of the rubber chemicals have a clear alternative to the toxic agent in the production operation to reduce dust pollution, protection of person and a really good job in environmental protection, but such a step by step in order to achieve clean Production, green chemical industry.
At present, can cause acute poisoning of the rubber chemicals in the production of tires has put an end to the basic, the main problems is that there is still a considerable number of auxiliaries who can operate the existence of chronic, toxic accumulation of dangerous or potentially harmful to the environment, such as Some of the long-term exposure to cancer-causing agent would be dangerous, and so on. Based on the relevant literature, with emphasis on the production of tires in the area frequently used by some of the poison were rubber chemicals, to list its non-toxic (low) alternatives, that is, "green" alternatives.
1 Antioxidant
Tires used in the production of more toxic antioxidant mainly naphthylamine antioxidant, there are varieties of the main N-α naphthylamine (antioxidant A) and N-β naphthylamine (antioxidant D), this type of antioxidant Has a clear cancer-causing toxic problems in developed countries and regions have long been banned, the largest domestic tire companies have been suspended. However, such antioxidant easy to get raw materials, production process simple, inexpensive and good results for their retirement, there are still many small businesses will tire of its use as a major antioxidant species. These small tire factory because of poor working conditions and protection of health workers to cause more damage. At present, the tire ripe old age of increasingly unified system, using tire antioxidant 4010NA + RD + paraffin, used tire antioxidant 4020 + RD + microcrystalline wax can achieve the desired effect of the comprehensive protection of these systems are old age The low toxicity. So naphthylamine antioxidant is not a substitute for the technical problems and the root causes of their economic. Only the country banned the use of production will continue to put an end to their harm.
2 promoter
Commonly used in tire production promoters are times Sulfonamide promoter and promoter thiazoles. Thiazoles promoter general non-toxic, but the scorch time is short, the curing rate of Pianman the characteristics of the decision in the production of tires in the second as the main promoter, the actual amount of smaller, the main varieties of applications for the promoter and M Accelerator DM. Sulfonamide time promoter of its security processing, fast curing and mechanical properties of high-performance tire production occupied by the first promoter of the species, common species, including promoter MBS (NOBS), TBBS (NS) , CBS (CZ) and DCBS (DZ), and so on, in these species, the promoter MBS is able to produce varieties of nitrosamines, which have been nitrosamines that are cancer-causing effects of the material. Western developed countries and regions in the tires the company has stopped promoting the application of the agent varieties, and domestic production of tires are still widely used varieties of the promoter. MBS can TBBS + CTP (anti-coke agent) or to replace CBS + CTP to achieve similar results, particularly in the TBBS + CTP substitute for good results in the burning coke, speed and vulcanized rubber mold of the quantity can be very close to . In addition, FLEXSYS developed at the N-methyl-type accelerator TBSI species belonging to the non-toxic varieties of nitrosamines, but also can replace the basic (or TBBS and alternative) MBS, and get better performance and scorch anti-reversion The original results, particularly suitable for wire bonding rubber formulations used. At present, the production of replacement tires in the MBS there is a major obstacle may be the cost and use of the habit. With the safety of people believe that the gradual strengthening of environmental awareness, MBS will be gradually to replace. Often used in tire production and a small amount of Accelerator thiuram category as a second accelerator, commonly used species for the four-disulfide-Autumn Lamb (TMTD). The product is able to produce nitrosamines, can be safe disulfide four benzyl Autumn Lamb (TBZTD) to replace, with the exception of the nitrosamines to resolve the problems, but also to make rubber for better security and scorch Anti-reversion of the original performance, particularly suitable for filling a large number of fetal crown silica gel formulation used.
3 sulfur donor
Sulfur in the donor, often used in tire production is the variety of morphine-Dithio (DTDM). It also can produce material nitrosamines, as the curing agent can not use poison Nitrosamine of alkyl phenol disulfide or sulfide (such as ATOFINA's VULTAC5, VULTAC710), and other species to replace, alkyl Phenol sulfide sulfur donor scorch safety of high polymer in a variety of high solubility, and in the use of plastic in a more even distribution, which can be achieved with a total of vulcanized rubber better, you can make more vulcanizate Good mechanical properties, as well as to improve the heat-resistant rubber aging properties. Such products is particularly suited to different polarity of the rubber and systems, such as the NR / XIIR and the sealing layer of plastic, white sidewall rubber, and so on. To improve the dynamics of heat and anti-reversion of semi-effective in curing systems, DTDM can double (3 triethoxysilane propyl) four-sulfide (that is, Si 69) as a silane coupling agent sulfur donor to achieve similar . If the main anti-reversion from the point of view, but also with anti-reversion agent, such as two-Ning of 1,3-N-bran) benzene (Perkalink900), hexamethylene-1 ,6 double thiosulfate II Second, sodium hydrate (DuralinkHTS), and other alternatives to achieve a similar effect, currently have such anti-reversion agent production.
4 bonding agent system with
In the current tire reinforcing materials used in the production of rubber adhesive is the most widely between a (white) direct bonding system, widely used for the body to accept methylene resorcinol. Resorcinol is a poison more additives in the rubber mixing process when the temperature exceeds 110 ℃ sublimated that produce toxic smoke began to stimulate the human respiratory tract mucosa. Resorcinol to improve its products - formaldehyde resin solved the problem, such products have INDSPEC's PenacoliteB 20 S, domestic products such as RF 90. Due to these products have a lower content of free resorcinol, in actual use has not feel the existence of smoke resorcinol, to improve the production environment, marked by the elimination of the poison resorcinol. Between a (white) adhesive system to give methylene-hydroxymethyl six commonly used melamine Wujia ether (HMMM) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), HMT because the adhesive resins responses generated during The release of toxic formaldehyde and sulfide poisoning caused by workers, can be used to replace HMMM to avoid poisoning. HMMM because as a viscous liquid at room temperature, to weigh the inconvenience brought about by the operation, currently used by the absorption of silica containing 65% HMMM products, that is, adhesive RA.
5 processing aid category
Plastic solution B is the agent of the processing aid used in natural rubber mainly to the large-capacity high-speed mixing process, an essential ingredient, the active ingredient for the five-thiophenol, suspected toxic. At present, the typical non-toxic substitute for the metal chelate containing organic compound processing aid, such chemical additives can also speed up the chain of broken rubber to rubber on the high-temperature plastic solution. It should be noted that a foreign agent for the plastic solution of 2,2-diphenyl-dibenzoyl disulfide (DBD), there are at a high temperature solution of high-performance plastic effects, such as Bayer developed Renacit11/WG, which is plastic Xie agent DBD, the active agent and wax mixture, in the open chain and can be used in the mixer. High aromatic oil as a mineral oil in the production of tires to replace a number of vegetable oil (such as pine tar) has been widely used, with the potential toxicity of its in-depth study, to Europe and began to study the use of tires with oil-free operation. At present, domestic alternative to products for the oil-ring. The rubber products and the compatibility and mechanical properties are better able to meet the requirements of tire products. These are just introduced the tires used in the production of certain rubber chemicals and poison the "green" alternatives. At present, the rubber chemicals toxic to people's awareness of the problem of reunification step by step. This is the developed countries have done a lot of work, and in the actual production of rubber chemicals have poisoned the work is less than satisfactory alternative, particularly in the domestic tire manufacturers. This status quo is the key to economic interests. The country has not banned, the only manufacturer of self-conscious awareness is difficult to stop production, the use of simple technology, lower prices, more toxic varieties of rubber chemicals. As a rubber chemicals producers should pay close attention to the country's policies and activities in a timely manner to master the development trend of rubber chemicals, rubber chemicals do a good job in environmental protection products and improve production technology in order to avoid compulsory national policy following the introduction of products caused by varieties of adjustment The difficult to sustain.
It should be noted that due to different tire production different formula, a variety of additives to replace the actual volume of tests to determine the need, can not be generalized. In fact, the production of tires used in most of the rubber chemicals toxicity is the existence of "drug-free" is a relative concept. This requires the production of tires in the widespread use of non-toxic or low toxicity of the rubber chemicals have a clear alternative to the toxic agent in the production operation to reduce dust pollution, protection of person and a really good job in environmental protection, but such a step by step in order to achieve clean Production, green chemical industry.
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