Tire rubber chemicals used in the production of "green" alternatives

Tire as a polymer, carbon black and the skeleton of the main material for the production of composite products during the manufacturing process using a large number of chemical products as rubber chemicals, to achieve the performance they require. According to rough statistics, the production of rubber tires in the formula commonly used in a variety of rubber chemicals as many as dozens of varieties, many of whom belong to a certain agent of the toxic organic chemicals. As a result, the production of tires in a variety of rubber chemicals poison the problem is getting people's attention. China enacted the "Cleaner Production Promotion Law" was on January 1, 2003 started implementation in accordance with its definition of cleaner production is a "source reduction and pollution prevention" as the main features of environmental strategies, environmental protection is by passive Active Control response to a fundamental change is the product of the entire life cycle of the implementation of pollution prevention and control of a production. Accordingly, the tire manufacturer conscious obligation to reduce toxic and harmful use of the rubber chemicals, and use poison relatively small, and even non-toxic variety of additives, in the tire production process until the tire in the process of reducing the use of the environment and endanger personnel . Similarly, the agent for the manufacturer has a similar requirement, that is, use of green technology, development and production of drug-free safe (low toxicity) of the rubber chemicals products.

At present, can cause acute poisoning of the rubber chemicals in the production of tires has put an end to the basic, the main problems is that there is still a considerable number of auxiliaries who can operate the existence of chronic, toxic accumulation of dangerous or potentially harmful to the environment, such as Some of the long-term exposure to cancer-causing agent would be dangerous, and so on. Based on the relevant literature, with emphasis on the production of tires in the area frequently used by some of the poison were rubber chemicals, to list its non-toxic (low) alternatives, that is, "green" alternatives.

1 Antioxidant

Tires used in the production of more toxic antioxidant mainly naphthylamine antioxidant, there are varieties of the main N-α naphthylamine (antioxidant A) and N-β naphthylamine (antioxidant D), this type of antioxidant Has a clear cancer-causing toxic problems in developed countries and regions have long been banned, the largest domestic tire companies have been suspended. However, such antioxidant easy to get raw materials, production process simple, inexpensive and good results for their retirement, there are still many small businesses will tire of its use as a major antioxidant species. These small tire factory because of poor working conditions and protection of health workers to cause more damage. At present, the tire ripe old age of increasingly unified system, using tire antioxidant 4010NA + RD + paraffin, used tire antioxidant 4020 + RD + microcrystalline wax can achieve the desired effect of the comprehensive protection of these systems are old age The low toxicity. So naphthylamine antioxidant is not a substitute for the technical problems and the root causes of their economic. Only the country banned the use of production will continue to put an end to their harm.

2 promoter

Commonly used in tire production promoters are times Sulfonamide promoter and promoter thiazoles. Thiazoles promoter general non-toxic, but the scorch time is short, the curing rate of Pianman the characteristics of the decision in the production of tires in the second as the main promoter, the actual amount of smaller, the main varieties of applications for the promoter and M Accelerator DM. Sulfonamide time promoter of its security processing, fast curing and mechanical properties of high-performance tire production occupied by the first promoter of the species, common species, including promoter MBS (NOBS), TBBS (NS) , CBS (CZ) and DCBS (DZ), and so on, in these species, the promoter MBS is able to produce varieties of nitrosamines, which have been nitrosamines that are cancer-causing effects of the material. Western developed countries and regions in the tires the company has stopped promoting the application of the agent varieties, and domestic production of tires are still widely used varieties of the promoter. MBS can TBBS + CTP (anti-coke agent) or to replace CBS + CTP to achieve similar results, particularly in the TBBS + CTP substitute for good results in the burning coke, speed and vulcanized rubber mold of the quantity can be very close to . In addition, FLEXSYS developed at the N-methyl-type accelerator TBSI species belonging to the non-toxic varieties of nitrosamines, but also can replace the basic (or TBBS and alternative) MBS, and get better performance and scorch anti-reversion The original results, particularly suitable for wire bonding rubber formulations used. At present, the production of replacement tires in the MBS there is a major obstacle may be the cost and use of the habit. With the safety of people believe that the gradual strengthening of environmental awareness, MBS will be gradually to replace. Often used in tire production and a small amount of Accelerator thiuram category as a second accelerator, commonly used species for the four-disulfide-Autumn Lamb (TMTD). The product is able to produce nitrosamines, can be safe disulfide four benzyl Autumn Lamb (TBZTD) to replace, with the exception of the nitrosamines to resolve the problems, but also to make rubber for better security and scorch Anti-reversion of the original performance, particularly suitable for filling a large number of fetal crown silica gel formulation used.

3 sulfur donor

Sulfur in the donor, often used in tire production is the variety of morphine-Dithio (DTDM). It also can produce material nitrosamines, as the curing agent can not use poison Nitrosamine of alkyl phenol disulfide or sulfide (such as ATOFINA's VULTAC5, VULTAC710), and other species to replace, alkyl Phenol sulfide sulfur donor scorch safety of high polymer in a variety of high solubility, and in the use of plastic in a more even distribution, which can be achieved with a total of vulcanized rubber better, you can make more vulcanizate Good mechanical properties, as well as to improve the heat-resistant rubber aging properties. Such products is particularly suited to different polarity of the rubber and systems, such as the NR / XIIR and the sealing layer of plastic, white sidewall rubber, and so on. To improve the dynamics of heat and anti-reversion of semi-effective in curing systems, DTDM can double (3 triethoxysilane propyl) four-sulfide (that is, Si 69) as a silane coupling agent sulfur donor to achieve similar . If the main anti-reversion from the point of view, but also with anti-reversion agent, such as two-Ning of 1,3-N-bran) benzene (Perkalink900), hexamethylene-1 ,6 double thiosulfate II Second, sodium hydrate (DuralinkHTS), and other alternatives to achieve a similar effect, currently have such anti-reversion agent production.

4 bonding agent system with

In the current tire reinforcing materials used in the production of rubber adhesive is the most widely between a (white) direct bonding system, widely used for the body to accept methylene resorcinol. Resorcinol is a poison more additives in the rubber mixing process when the temperature exceeds 110 ℃ sublimated that produce toxic smoke began to stimulate the human respiratory tract mucosa. Resorcinol to improve its products - formaldehyde resin solved the problem, such products have INDSPEC's PenacoliteB 20 S, domestic products such as RF 90. Due to these products have a lower content of free resorcinol, in actual use has not feel the existence of smoke resorcinol, to improve the production environment, marked by the elimination of the poison resorcinol. Between a (white) adhesive system to give methylene-hydroxymethyl six commonly used melamine Wujia ether (HMMM) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), HMT because the adhesive resins responses generated during The release of toxic formaldehyde and sulfide poisoning caused by workers, can be used to replace HMMM to avoid poisoning. HMMM because as a viscous liquid at room temperature, to weigh the inconvenience brought about by the operation, currently used by the absorption of silica containing 65% HMMM products, that is, adhesive RA.

5 processing aid category

Plastic solution B is the agent of the processing aid used in natural rubber mainly to the large-capacity high-speed mixing process, an essential ingredient, the active ingredient for the five-thiophenol, suspected toxic. At present, the typical non-toxic substitute for the metal chelate containing organic compound processing aid, such chemical additives can also speed up the chain of broken rubber to rubber on the high-temperature plastic solution. It should be noted that a foreign agent for the plastic solution of 2,2-diphenyl-dibenzoyl disulfide (DBD), there are at a high temperature solution of high-performance plastic effects, such as Bayer developed Renacit11/WG, which is plastic Xie agent DBD, the active agent and wax mixture, in the open chain and can be used in the mixer. High aromatic oil as a mineral oil in the production of tires to replace a number of vegetable oil (such as pine tar) has been widely used, with the potential toxicity of its in-depth study, to Europe and began to study the use of tires with oil-free operation. At present, domestic alternative to products for the oil-ring. The rubber products and the compatibility and mechanical properties are better able to meet the requirements of tire products. These are just introduced the tires used in the production of certain rubber chemicals and poison the "green" alternatives. At present, the rubber chemicals toxic to people's awareness of the problem of reunification step by step. This is the developed countries have done a lot of work, and in the actual production of rubber chemicals have poisoned the work is less than satisfactory alternative, particularly in the domestic tire manufacturers. This status quo is the key to economic interests. The country has not banned, the only manufacturer of self-conscious awareness is difficult to stop production, the use of simple technology, lower prices, more toxic varieties of rubber chemicals. As a rubber chemicals producers should pay close attention to the country's policies and activities in a timely manner to master the development trend of rubber chemicals, rubber chemicals do a good job in environmental protection products and improve production technology in order to avoid compulsory national policy following the introduction of products caused by varieties of adjustment The difficult to sustain.

It should be noted that due to different tire production different formula, a variety of additives to replace the actual volume of tests to determine the need, can not be generalized. In fact, the production of tires used in most of the rubber chemicals toxicity is the existence of "drug-free" is a relative concept. This requires the production of tires in the widespread use of non-toxic or low toxicity of the rubber chemicals have a clear alternative to the toxic agent in the production operation to reduce dust pollution, protection of person and a really good job in environmental protection, but such a step by step in order to achieve clean Production, green chemical industry.